
Qass C20T 
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COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



A mum CENmiAL fOLOlE 



General La Fayette 

IN VIRGINIA, 

In 1824 and '25. 

AN ACCOUNT OF HIS TRIUMPHANT PROGRESS 
THROUGH THE STATE. 



COMPILED BY 

II.OBEB.T JD. y^ARJD, 

RICHMOND, VA. 



[Copyright secured according ro law. 



West, Johnston & Co., 

RICHMOND, VA. 

1881. 



AN ACCOUNT 

OF 




IN THE YEARS 1824-25, 



CONTAINING 



FULL CIRCUMSTANTIAL REPORTS 



RECEPTIONS IN WASHINGTON, ALEXANDRIA, MOUNT VERNON, YORKTOWN, 
WILLIAMSBURG, NORFOLK, RICHMOND, PETERSBURG, GOOCHLAND, 
FLUVANNA, MONTICELLO, CHARLOTTESVILLE, GORDONS V ILLE, 
ORANGE COURT-HOUSE, FREDERICKSBURG, LEESBURG, 
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, CULPEPER, FAU- 
QUIER, AND HIS DEPARTURE FROM 
THE UNITED STATES, 
WITH A 

PORTRAIT OF GENERAL LA FAYETTE, 

PHOTOGRAPHED FROM HIS BUST, BY HOUDON, IN THE CAPITOL OF 

VIRGINIA; COMPILED FROM THE NEWSPAPERS OF THE 

PERIOD AND OTHER SOURCES, 



r^ 



^ 



BY V 

ROBERT D. WARD, 

RICHMOND. 



West, Johnston & Co., 

RICHMOND, VA. 
1881. 



rr 



INTRODUCTION 



This volume contains an interesting account of the visit of 
General La Fayette to Virginia in 1824 and 1825. In it, will be 
found full reports of his triumphant progress, and of the recep- 
tions and honors bestowed upon him by the people, wherever he 
went. They were written by persons who were present on the 
respective occasions, the ceremonies of which they record. 

It may be confidently affirmed, that those who read these ac- 
counts, will be pleased and instructed. Never before, perhaps, 
has there occurred such a combination of circumstances to invest 
with interest, the visit of a person so well calculated to arouse the 
deepest emotions of the people, and to make them feel and 
express their profound gratitude and affection, for one who had 
assisted so effectively in gaining the independence of their coun- 
try, and was so worthy of all honor and admiration. 

Never before has it been the good fortune of such a man as 
General La Fayette to revisit, after so long an absence, the scenes 
where in his early life he had gained immortal glory and renown. 
His is a unique character in history. Washington alone excepted, 
the American people have never bestowed on any other man so 
much of their esteem, admiration, and love. All throughout 
the United States in 1824 and 1825, the people met General 
La Fayette in a manner which expressed these sentiments 
towards him ; but nowhere were they exhibited in a higher de- 
gree than in Virginia. 

Upon her soil it was, that he had the chief command during 
the darkest days of the revolution ; under him had served the 
Virginia soldiers of the war ; here he had defended our capital 



4 Introduction. 

city, when it was endangered by the troops of the traitor Arnold 
and Tarleton ; and here he had largely contributed to the sur- 
render of Cornwallis at Yorktown, and thus finished the war. No 
wonder, then, since he had won and deserved the gratitude and 
love of Virginians, that in his visit to our state, as these pages 
show, the people should have received him with the most enthu- 
siastic devotion. 

His reunion with his old, surviving comrades, after a separa- 
tion of more than forty years, on the fields of their success, pos- 
sesses so much of romance that the story of it will arouse in us, 
their descendants, emotions of the liveliest interest. No patriotic 
man can read of the meeting between La Fayette and Thomas 
Jefferson at Monticello, nor of the scenes at the University — 
where Mr. Jefferson made, perhaps, the last speech of his life, in 
which, when on the verge of the grave, he uttered expressions of 
his undying love of his country and his parting prayer for its per- 
petual union and prosperity, (nor of many other touching inci- 
dents narrated in this volume) — and reflect upon the thoughts 
and emotions which must have swelled their hearts and minds, 
without being stirred up in the deepest recesses of his nature, 
wit.. — ving his patriotism increased, without being necessi- 
tated to put a restraint upon his feelings to repress tears of sym- 
pathy at the recital. 

I have preferred to give this narrative of the General's progres.<> 
through Virginia, in the language of those who participated in 
it, and were inspired by all the enthusiasm and fervor which the 
scenes they have described naturally elicited. It is a much better 
picture than I could have drawn, had I attempted to construct out 
of their materials, a narrative of my own. It is written by men 
whose souls were overflowing with love and gratitude for the 
hero of their worship, and it is the embodiment of the thoughts 
and patriotic sentiments of some of the greatest men, whose 
lives have benefited mankind and whose fame is immortal. I 



Introduction. 6 

claim no credit for the compilation of this volume. The gath- 
ering the materials and grouping them together in this form, 
was a "labor of love" to me. I felt that it would be doing 
my countrymen a service, in this centennial year, when the 
eyes of the nation will be turned upon Yorktown, to give 
them any information that would enhance their interest in 
the great celebration, when, on the soil of Virginia, this gen- 
eration of Americans will assemble to commemorate the pat- 
riotic deeds of their forefathers. I present it to them, and 
especially to Virginians, as my tribute to the centennial cel- 
ebration, with the hope that it will soften their hearts, strengthen 
their patriotism, and tend to produce a sincere desire for recon- 
ciliation among all sections of our country, whose independence, 
Washington, La Fayette and their brave soldiers achieved. 

R. D. WARD. 



^ikjoi'-G^eiief kl I^k S^kyette. 



HIS SERVICES FOR AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. 



La Fayette is at last among us. Virginia is about pouring fortli 
her fervent feelings to her generous benefactor. Other states may 
excel us in splendor. We cannot vie with them in this respect. To 
excel them is impossible; for who can "guild refined gold or add 
perfume to the violet?" Even to equal them is not within our power. 
We want the treasures of wealth, the embellishments of the arts. But 
in a warm welcome we will yield to no other state. "What is ours is 
his ; what we give, we give with all our heart, and all our mind, and 
all our soul." What they want in external exhibitions the Virginians 
will make up in the fullness of their feelings. 

Fortunate man ! What a combination of circumstances has been 
created to crown him with honors! In what other person, in ancient 
or modern times, do so many circumstances concur ! More than forty 
years ago he allied himself to the wonderful destinies of this young and 
struggling people. Nothing could withhold his arm or paralyze his 
wishes. Rank, wealth, beauty, wedded love — all wooed him in vain. 
In vain, did the remonstrances of his friends oppose his wishes. In 
vain, were their kind representations of the low and desperate state of 
our fortunes by our commissioners at Paris addressed to his generous 
spirit. In vain, did his court attempt to seize his person and arrest his 
departure. He broke through every obstacle, he despised every dan- 
ger. He flew to our shores. He threw himself into our arms. He 
devoted person, purse, influence, everything he could command, to the 
cause of liberty in a distant hemisphere. He shed his blood freely at 
Brandywine. He flew to Virginia, and with means far inferior to his 
boasted opponent, the "boy" bearded Cornwallis, and Tarleton, and 
Arnold — supplying the defect of troops by the celerity of his move- 
ments; uniting the vigor of youth with the sagacity of the mostexperi- 



10 General La Fayette's 

addressed the General thus : You are aware from my last letter how 
much 1 desired to have you in my house, along with your two com- 
panions, during your stay in this city : but I am obliged to renounce 
this pleasure. The people of Washington claim you : they say that as 
the nation's guest, none but the nation has the right to lodge you. I 
must yield to the public will; and the municipality have prepared a 
hotel, provided a carriage, and, in short, anticipated all your wants. 
You must accept their invitation, but I hope this will not hinder you 
from considering my house as your own ; you will always find your 
places ready at my table, and I wish, whenever you have no engage- 
ment with the citizens, that you will dine with me. This evening the 
municipality expect you at a public banquet ; to-morrow you will be 
present at a grand dinner which I give to the principal officers of 
government, but once these ceremonies are concluded, I will do every- 
thing I can that you may be, as frequently as possible, a part of my 
family. 

"This invitation was so cordial and pressing that General La Fayette 
frankly accepted it, and returned our united thanks." 

DEPARTURE FROM WASHINGTON AND RECEPTION IN ALEXANDRIA. 

On Saturday, the i6th of October, 1824, the General and suite left 
Washington, and crossed the Potomac on a wooden bridge nearly a 
mile long. On the Virginia side, he was welcomed to the " Ancient 
Dominion" by Jacob Morgan, Esq., one of the marshals of the day, 
by whom, with John Wheelright, Esq., another marshal, he was con- 
ducted a short distance, when he was addressed by General Walter 
Jones before a large concourse of spectators. General La Fayette, 
under a handsome salute from Capt. Williams's artillery, entered a 
superb open coach, drawn by four elegant grays, with postilions to 
each, neatly dressed in white and blue sashes round the waist, and 
tasteful caps, and, preceded by the committees of the Alexandria and 
Washington Councils, was conducted by a corps of Washington cav- 
alry, under Capt. Andrews, and the Alexandria civic escort within a 
short distance of the corporation line, where the militia, consisting of 
the different volunteer companies of Washington and Georgetown, 
elegantly uniformed, and the volunteer companies of the town, were 
drawn up in line. When he arrived opposite the centre of the column, 
he alighted from his carriage and approached within a short distance, 
when he was saluted by it. After this ceremony he returned to his 
carriage, when the troops wheeled into open column and conmienced 
their march to town, the procession moving in the following order : 



Visit to Virginia. 11 

Capt. Andrews's troop of Washington cavalry in front, followed by 
about 2,000 troops on foot; the Committee of Arrangements in car- 
riages, the marshal and his aids, the carriage in which were General 
La Fayette and General Walter Jones, General Jones's suite, and a 
number of officers of the army and navy, and many from the State of 
Virginia; next, a carriage in which was seated G. W. La Fafayette 
and G. W. P. Custis ; then came a cart bearing the tent of Washing- 
ton, which was handsomely decorated with evergreens and surmounted 
with the national banner. The procession was flanked on either side 
by the civic escort, consisting of more than 100 gentlemen, hand- 
somely mounted, vi^ith blue sashes, cockades and badges. The proces- 
sion thus formed proceeded through the principal streets, and on 
Washington street there was erected a superb arch, where it halted 
and formed a line, commencing on Washington and extending to the 
corner of King street, down King to the corner of Royall street. 
The General and suite passed down the line to Royall street, and 
immediately upon his turning into it, a most interesting scene was pre- 
sented. A very large number of male and female children from five 
to twelve years of age, the girls clad in white, wearing blue sashes 
and La Fayette badges ; the boys, neatly dressed with pink-colored 
sashes and badges, were drawn up in two rows. As soon as he 
approached, a beautiful little girl, the daughter of Robert J. Taylor, 
Esq., stepped forward, and in behalf of her brothers and sisters, pre- 
sented him with a handsome and appropriate address. As soon as she 
concluded, the General, in an affectionate manner, kissed her. He 
passed through this assemblage, politely bowing to the children on 
either side, who strewed his path with flowers, to the reception-room 
in the City Hall, where he was received by the mayor and the common 
council, and the mayor delivered to him an appropriate address, to 
which the General made a neat reply. He was then escorted to the 
quarters prepared for him at Mrs. Laurason's spacious and elegant 
brick house, at the southwest corner of Duke and St. Asaph streets. 
A public dinner was given him in the evening at the tavern, at which, 
after the regular toasts had been announced and drank, volunteer 
toasts were offered by the following gentlemen : General La Fayette, 
the Secretary of State, Commodore Rogers, Commodore Porter, Gen- 
eral McComb, Colonel Peyton, General Jones, Mr. Custis of Arling- 
ton, General Smith, Mayor of Washington, Mayor of Alexandria, 
Colonel C. T. McKenney, V. Maxcey of Maryland, Mr. Morgan, R. 
J. Taylor, General C. F. Mercer, Thomas Swann, Mr. Wheelright, 
Mr. Swift, and Colonel Harvie, The company dispersed at an early 



12 General La Fayette's 

hour, and the General returned to his quarters, where he held a public 
levee for the reception of such visitors, as might wish to present their 
respects to him. There was a general illumination in the town, and 
the streets from the tavern to the General's quarters were particularly 
striking by their brilliancy and decorations. 

DEPARTURE FROM ALEXANDRIA AND VISIT TO MOUNT VERNON. 

Mr. Le Vasseur narrates: "On the 17th of October, the Gen- 
eral and suite embarked in the steamboat Petersburg, in company 
with Mr. Calhoun, Generals Macomb, Jones, Colonel Roberdeau, 
Colonel Henderson, General John Mason, Colonel Chas. F. Mercer, 
Major Mercer, Mr. G. W. P. Custis, Mr. George Hay, George 
Tucker, Esq., Member of Congress, and a number of other officers 
and citizens. After a voyage of two hours, the guns of Fort Wash- 
ington announced, that we were approaching the last abode of the 
Father of his Country. At this solemn signal, to which the Military 
band accompanying us responded by plaintive strains, we went on 
deck, and the venerable soil of Mount Vernon was before us : 
at this view an involuntary and spontaneous movement made us 
kneel. We landed in boats, and trod upon the ground so often 
worn by the feet of Washington. A carriage received General La 
Fayette, and the other visitors silently ascended the precipitous 
path, which conducted to the solitary habitation of Mount Vernon. 

" In reentering beneath this hospitable roof, which had sheltered 
him when the reign of terror tore him violently from his country 
and family, George La Fayette felt his heart sink within him, at no 
more finding him whose paternal care had softened his misfortunes, 
whose example and wise council inspired his youthful mind with 
those generous sentiments which at present render him an example 
of good citizenship, a model to parents and husbands, the most* 
devoted of sons, the most stable of friends. His father again sought 
with emotion for everything, which reminded him of the companion 
of his glorious toils. 

" Three nephews of General Washington took La Fayette, his son, 
and myself, to conduct us to the tomb of their uncle ; our numerous 
companions remained in the house ; in a few minutes after, the 
cannon of the fort, thundering anew, announced that La Fayette 
rendered homage to the ashes of Washington. Simple and modest 
as he was during life, the tomb of the citizen-hero is scarcely per- 
ceived amid the sombre cypress by which it is surrounded. A vault 
slightly elevated and sodded over, a wooden door without inscrip- 



Visit to Virginia. 13 

tions, some withered and some green garlands, indicate to the trav- 
eller who visits this spot, the place where rest in peace, the puissant 
arms which broke the chains of his country. As we approached, the 
door was opened ; La Fayette descended alone in the vault, and a 
few minutes afterwards reappeared, with his eyes overflowing with 
tears. He took his son and me by the hand, and led us into the 
tomb, where by a sign he indicated the coffin of his paternal friend, 
alongside of which was that of his companion in life, united to him 
forever in the grave. We knelt reverently near his coffin, which we 
respectfully saluted with our lips ; rising, we threw ourselves into 
the arms of La Fayette, and mingled our tears with his. 

" In leaving the vault, we were met by the three nephews of Wash- 
ington ; one of them, Mr. Custis, presented General La Fayette with 
a gold ring, containing some of the hair of the great man." 

Mr. Custis wore the ring suspended from a Cincinnati ribbon, and 
on presenting it, he addressed the General as follows: 

" Last of the Generals of the Army of Independence ! — At this 
awful and impressive moment, when, forgetting the splendor of a 
triumph greater than Roman consul ever had, you bend with reverence 
over the grave of Washington, the child of Mount Vernon presents 
you with this token, containing the hair of him, whom, while living, 
you loved, and to whose honored grave you now pay the manly and 
affecting tribute of a patriot's and a soldier's tear. 

" The ring has ever been an emblem of the union of hearts from the 
earliest ages of the world, and this will unite the affections of all the 
Americans to the person and the posterity of La Fayette, now and 
hereafter; and when your descendants of a distant day shall behold 
this valued relict, it will remind them of the heroic virtues of their 
illustrious sire, who received it, not in the palaces of princes, or amid 
the pomp and vanities of life, but at the laurelled grave of Washing- 
ton. Do you ask. Is this' the mausoleum befitting the ashes of a 
Marcus Aurelius or the good Antoninus? I tell you that the Father of 
' his Country lies buried in the hearts of his countrymen, and in those 
of the brave, the good, the free, of all ages and nations. Do you seek 
for the tablets which are to convey his fame to immortality ? They 
have long been written in the freedom and happiness of his country. 
These are the monumental trophies of Washington the great, and will 
endure when the proudest works of art ' have dissolved and left not a 
wreck behind ! ' Venerable man ! Will you never tire in the cause of 
freedom and human happiness? Is it not time that you should rest 



14 General La Fayette's 

from your generous labors, and repose on the bosom of a country 
which delights to love and honor you, and will teach her children's 
children to bless your name and memory? sure where liberty dwells, 
there must be the country of La Fayette? 

"Our fathers witnessed the dawn of your glory, partook of its me- 
ridian splendor, and oh ! let their children enjoy the benign radiance 
of your setting sun, and when it shall sink in the horizon of nature, 
here, here, with pious duty, we will form your sepulchre, and' united in 
death as in life, by the side of the great chief, you will rest in peace till 
the last trump wakes the slumbering world and calls your virtues to 
their great reward. 

** The joyous shouts of millions of freemen hailed your returned 
foot-print on our sands. The arms of millions are opened wide to 
hug you to their grateful hearts, and the prayers of millions ascend to 
the throne of Almighty Power, and implore that the choicest blessings 
of heaven will cheer the latter days of La Fayette." 

The General having received the ring, pressed it to his bosom, and 
replied : 

" The feelings which at this awful moment oppress my heart do not 
leave me the power of utterance. I can only thank you, my dear 
Custis, for your precious gift, and pay a silent homage to the tomb of 
the greatest and best of men, my paternal friend." 

"We returned to the house, where our companions awaited us. 
George La Fayette assured us that everything in the house was as he 
saw it twenty-eight years ago. He found in the place where Wash- 
ington himself had left it the principal key of the Bastile, which was 
sent him by La Fayette, at the time this monument of despotism 
was destroyed. The note sent with the key is still ca'refully preserved. 
After resting a few moments we resumed the path leading to the shore. 
Our march was silent; each of us bore a branch of cypress cut from 
over the tomb of Washington. We resembled a bereaved family who 
had entombed a beloved father recently dead. We were already on 
board our vessel, and the waves had borne us afar, and no one had 
mterrupted our silent meditation. At last Mount Vernon disappeared 
behind the high and winding banks of the river; all then grouped 
themselves on the quarter deck of the steamboat, and listened atten- 
tively till evening to La Fayette, who talked of Washington. The 
party arrived at the mouth of York river at 12 o'clock on Monday, 
and it was a quarter before i when the General set his foot on the 
beach at Yorktown." 



Visit to Virginia. 15 



SKETCH OF THE RECEPTION AT YORK CLASSIC SCENES OF VIRGINIA 

HISTORY — WILLIAMSBURG ARRIVAL OF THE MILITARY — THEIR EN- 
CAMPMENT, &C. 

We proceed now to give a rapid sketch of the reception at York. 
The infantry and artillery from Richmond arrived at York on Satur- 
day ; the Virginia, with the Rangers and citizens, on the next day ; 
the governor, members of the council, chief justice of the United 
States, and citizens, reached Williamsburg at lo o'clock on Sunday. 
The classic scenes of Virginia history on this celebrated spot, contri- 
buted more to prepare such of the company as were strangers to them, 
for the visit to the last great scene of the American war. The college 
reminded them of the great men whom it had sent forth to defend our 
cause. The beautiful street, which terminates at one end with the 
college and at the other with the ancient state-house — that interesting 
building, where the house of burgesses once sat, where the thunder- 
bolts of our revolution were forged, from which the eloquence of 
Patrick Henry once electrified the whole nation — the very spot where 
he stood when he delivered his war-speech — were pointed out. A part 
of this building only remains, where the chancery court now holds its 
sessions ; the other wing, where the burgesses deliberated, with the 
colonnade which connected them, is gone ; and scarce " a wreck re- 
mains behind them." The old Raleigh Tavern, with the bust of that 
great man elevated on its front, as a sign of its vocation, alternately the 
scene of the greatest legislative consultations and of collegiate frolics, 
could not be viewed without emotion ; much less could the house 
(built in 1 714, as appears from the inscription on it,) where Gene- 
ral Washington received the hand of his bride. It is now almost in 
ruins. The shell of the magazine of powder, which kindled, as it were, 
the first flames of the Revolution in Virginia, still stands on the main 
street. Thousands have visited these venerable relics without much 
sensibility ; but on this occasion it was impossible for any man who 
now saw them for the first time to behold them without emotion. The 
company did not reach York till dusk. The procession of carriages 
and horses was long, and they were met a few miles from York by the 
Richmond troop of horse, who conducted them to town. 

The accommodations for the Revolutionary officers and other invited 
guests were excellent. The troops are encamped near a mile to the 
east of the town in tents — their general at their head — near the ground 
where the celebrated redoubts stood, so famous in the siege. Some 



16 General La Fayette's 

of the general officers have their quarters in the town. General 
La Fayette, suite, and some few of the guests are to be stationed in the 
house formerly General Nelson's. Major Griffin's romantic house, 
immediately on the river bank, is the headquarters of the invited 
guests A great many citizens from various parts have poured into the 
town, and are accommodated in houses and tents. Fifteen or twenty 
soldiers of the Revolution are among the invited guests, who •' shoulder 
the crutch and show how fields were won." At the headquarters of 
La Fayette are Colonel Allen M Lane, of Delaware, a distinguished 
officer of Lee's legion, the father of the member of congress from 
Delaware ; Colonel Fish, of New York, a brave major under General 
Hamilton when he stormed the redoubt : and Colonel Huger, whose 
name carries with it, its own heart-felt encomiums. Commodore Bar- 
ron accompanied them from Philadelphia. It is refreshing to see such 
men amid such scenes. They bring us back to those "times which 
tried men's souls. " 

DESCRIPTION OF THE SCENE AT YORK — TRIUMPHAL ARCH, OBELISKS, 
MARQUEE, AND WASHINGTON'S TENT. 

The scene is uncommonly interesting. The village itself, though 
small, is in respectable trim. The water view is peculiarly fine. It 
is one large, beautiful stretch of water above and below. The eye 
takes in several miles above. Nearly opposite to the town is Glouces- 
ter town, to which Cornwallis, when pressed by the siege, in vain 
attempted to fly ; but a storm drove his boats back. Below, you 
catch a view of the mouth of York river, about twelve miles, and 
a glimpse of the bay beyond it. The river itself is enlivened by 
several steamboats ; among others, the fine United States frigate from 
Baltimore, and smaller vessels of different sorts, bringing visitors 
from various rivers. The town itself, and the country around it, is 
plain, until it rises into small hills. A few yards beyond the edge of 
the town to the east, you see the nearest British lines, the mounds of 
the entrenchment, and the ditch ; the mound considerably sunk from 
the tread of cattle and the washing of the rains, and the ditch rapidly 
filling up. It is said that after the war, the Executive directed a part 
of the British works to be levelled, for the purpose of saving so much 
ground, as if we had not land enough already, and as if these works, 
the monuments of our glory, were not worth a million times the space 
of ground which they occupy. Near a mile to the east of the lines the 
committee have erected three temporary works : a triumphal arch at 
the rock redoubt, which Hamilton and La Fayette stormed, and where 



Visit to Virginia. 17 

General Taylor, at the head of his troops, is to address La Fayette ; 
an obelisk at the site of the redoubt which Viominel stormed, say a 
quarter ot a mile apart ; and farther to the south, another obelisk on 
the famous spot where General O'Hara offered to deliver up his sword 
to General Washington , and in this direction the soldiers' tents are 
erected, near the field where the troops are to be reviewed and the 
stands erected, for the accommodation of the ladies, to see the review. 
These, with the transparencies to be exhibited ; the beautiful and lofty 
marquee, with its centre and three wings (two to the right and left of 
the circular centre and the other running towards the river), sent from 
Richmond, and erected on a commanding spot near the bank of the 
river, in front of General La Fayette's headquarters ; the tent of 
Washington, &c., have been prepared by the Committee of Arrange- 
ments to embellish the scene. It is impossible to contemplate the 
whole scene without the deepest interest ; but no description can do 
it justice. 

PRELIMINARY MEETINGS IN RICHMOND — THE GOVERNOR INVITES GENERAL 
LA FAYETTE TO YORK. 

The Tolunteer companies of the city of Richmond held a meeting 
on the 29th of August, 1824, at which Colonel J. B. Harvie was 
appointed chairman, and Lieutenant-Colonel William Lambert, Jr., 
secretary. They resolved that they would hail with delight the plea- 
sure of the arrival of General La Fayette among them ; that they 
would unite with the other volunteer companies of the State in cele- 
brating on the plains of Yorktown, on the 19th day of October next, 
the anniversary at that place of the surrender of the British forces 
under Cornwallis to the combined American and French armies ; that 
the Governor be requested to invite General La Fayette to honor the 
occasion with his presence, and that Captains Murphy, Brooke and 
Nelson, and Lieutenant Richardson be appointed a committee to cor- 
respond with the volunteer companies of the State to get their coope- 
ration. Acting in accordance with the request made in these resolu- 
tions. Governor Pleasants, on the loth of August, 1824, addressed a 
letter to General La Fayette, at New York, inviting him to be present 
at Yorktown on the 19th of October. The Hon. James Lyons (now 
living) was deputed to bear the invitation to the General in New York. 
The General replied on the i8th of August, accepting the invitation, 
stating that it gave him inexpressible gratification to be present upon 
the occasion. 



18 General La Fayette's 

A meeting of the officers of the Nineteenth Regiment was held at 
Tanbark Hall, in the city of Richmond, on the 29th of August, 1824, 
at which Colonel J. B. Harvie was chairman, and Ensign Gustavus A. 
Myers was secretary. It was resolved that Captains Goddin and 
Hyde, and Lieutenant Samuel H. Myers be appointed a committee to 
invite the officers of other Virginia regiments to unite with the officers 
of this regiment in forming a company or companies to join the vol- 
unteers of Norfolk and Richmond in celebrating the anniversary at 
Yorktown. 
/ At a meeting of the Mayor, Recorder, and senior Alderman of the 
city of Richmond, on the 31st of August, 1824, for the purpose of 
adopting such measures as may be most expedient and proper for the 
reception of General La Fayette in this city, it was ordered that the 
polite offer of the Governor to afford apartments in the Governor's 
house for the reception of Major-General La Fayette and his suite, 
be thankfully accepted, and that arrangements for furnishing the same 
be accordingly made. (This arrangement was afterwards changed, 
and La Fayette was quartered at the Eagle Hotel during his stay in 
\ Richmond.) 

2d. Ordered, That as it would be a subject of high gratification to 
the citizens of Richmond, that General La Fayette, during his resi- 
dence in the city, should be attended by as many of the officers of 
the Revolutionary war as it may be practicable to assemble, a corre- 
spondence be opened with General Robert Porterfield, Judge Francis 
T. Brooke, Judge Robert White, Judge Peter Johnston, Colonel John 
Watts, Colonel John Nicholas, Colonel Charles Dabney, Colonel 
Clement Carrington, Colonel John Jordan, Major John Nelson, Gen- 
eral Henry Bowyer, Major Carter Page, Major Thomas Massie, Major 
Armistead Long, Major Gabriel Long, Major Francis Cowherd, Major 
William Broadus, Major Moses Blackwell, Major Churchill Gibbs, 
Major Dudley Diggs, Captain Philip Slaughter, Captain John Robin- 
son, Captain Charles Woodson, Colonel Charles Cameron, Commo- 
dore James Barron, Major Isaac Hite, Peter Francisco, John Moody, 
Joel Jones, Rev. Mathew Wood, Captain George Lambert, Colonel 
Robert Randolph, Colonel Charles Campbell, Colonel John Wyatt, 
Captain John Kilby, Captain James Doswell, Captain Thomas Price, 
Sr., Captain William Braugh, J. Slaughter, Major John L. Cruit, 
Major James Morton, Captain Samuel Carter, Major Bennony Over- 
street, Captain Vasser, Colonel Berryman Green, Captain James Dil- 
lard. General Joel Leftwich, Captain Trabue, Colonel John McCarty, 
Major Archelaus Perkins, Colonel Thomas Moore, General Thomas 



Visit to Virginia. 19 

White, Judge St. George Tucker, Thomas Pemberton, Colonel Philip 
Holcombe, Colonel William Waring, Major Charles Ewell, Major 
John Williams, Major Samuel Tinsley, Colonel James Ball, Captain 
William Johnson, Captain Peter Foster, Captain Wade Mosby, Captain 
David M. Randolph, Captain Richard Allen, Captain Matthew J. 
Eggleston, Captain Smith, Captain Joseph Christian, Captain Isham 
Allen, Colonel Edward Porter, and all other Revolutionary soldiers 
of Virginia now living, inviting their attendance in Richmond upon 
the arrival of their distinguished fellow-soldier. ^-- 

3d. Ordered, That Judge John Marshall be solicited to prepare an * 
appropriate address for the occasion. 

4th. Ordered, That Mr. Jefferson, Mr. Madison, and Mr. Monroe be 
invited to be present. J 

John Adams, Mayor. 

W. H. FiTZWHYLSONN, Recorder. 

Thos. Brockenbrough, Senior Alderman. 



SKETCH OF THE ARRANGEMENTS ADOPTED FOR ORDER OF THE CELE- 
BRATION. 

At a meeting of the General Committee, appointed to make arrange- 
ments for the reception of General La Fayette at York, held at Nel- 
son's house, in York, on Friday, the 15th day of October, 1824, 
Colonel Burwell Bassett was unanimously chosen chairman of the 
committee, and John Y. Mason secretary. 

The committee consisted of the following gentlemen : Judges James 
Semple and William Brown, Major Thomas Griffin, Colonel J. R. 
Nimmo, Colonel AUmond, Colonel J. B. Harvie, Colonel William 
Jones, of Gloucester ; Colonel Joseph Bragg, Colonel John Lewis, 
Major William K. Perrin, of Gloucester ; General B. W. Pryor, Col- 
onel B. Bassett, General M. S. Pitts, Samuel Shields, Esq., General 
William H. Broadnax, Captain John Y. Mason, Colonel John G. 
Joynes, Colonel William Boiling, Lieutenant Robert G. Scott, Ben- 
jamin Watkins Leigh, and William French. 

The committee to superintend the erection of necessary buildings 
and to prepare suitable accommodations for General Lafayette and 
the guests were Major Thomas Griffin, Major John Goodall, Captain 
William McCandlish, Robert Anderson, and William Nelson ; Dr. 
John Carr, of Williamsburg, treasurer. 

The following arrangements, preparatory and subsequent to Gene-» 



20 General La Fayette's 

ral. La Fayette's landing at this place, were then proposed, considered, 
and adopted : 

The steamboat Virginia, under the command of Captain Jesse D. 
Elliott, assisted by Captain Lewis Warrington, of the United States 
navy, will leave here on Monday morning, the i8th instant, proceed 
to the mouth of York river, and there await the arrival of the steam- 
boat Petersburg, from which General La Fayette and his attendants 
will be received on board the Virginia, and conveyed to this place. 
The chairman, and any four of the committee whom he may desig- 
nate, will take passage on the Virginia, meet the General at the mouth 
of the river, and accompany him to York. The place of General 
La Fayette's landing will be designated by a flag, planted on the 
beach, where he will be received by the Governor and Executive 
Council of Virginia, the General Committee of Arrangements, the 
Chief Justice of the United States, with the Judiciary of the Common- 
wealth, and the Revolutionary officers and soldiers attending. He will 
be conducted to the barouche prepared for his use, and seated with 
the Governor of Virginia, when the procession will commence, the 
General Committee of Arrangements, attended by two marshals lead- 
ing the way, then General La Fayette's barouche, followed by his 
suite, the President of the United States, the heads of Departments 
who may be present, the Chief Justice of the United States, the Judi- 
ciary of the Commonwealth, the Executive Council of the State, the 
Commissioners of the Navy, the Officers of the Army and Navy of the 
United States, and the invited guests, in carriages and on horses, and 
will advance along the beach, through double rows of citizens on foot, 
arranged on each side, who will file in from the right and left, as the 
procession advances to the house which has been provided for the 
General's accommodation. 

A salute will be fired on the General's landing, and a band of music 
will perform appropriate airs during the procession. A gun will be 
fired as the signal for forming the procession, at which time all those 
who wish to unite, will repair to the beach, and persons arriving after 
the formation has been made, will be arranged, under the directions 
of a marshal, on the heights near the old church, and will not be 
admitted into the ranks already formed. 

The open ground in rear of the Marquee, in front of General La 
Fayette's quarters, will be allotted, under the direction of a marshal, 
to the exclusive accommodation of ladies. 

On the 19th, between the hours of 11 and i o'clock, a gun will be 
fired as a signal for forming a procession as on the preceding day, 



Visit to Virginia. 21 

beginning at General La Fayette's quarters, extending down the street 
beyond West's house, and then turning to the right in the direction of 
the Hampton road. The procession will advance down the road some 
distance, will wheel to the right and approach within a few paces of 
the Triuffiphal Arch erected at the Point of Rock, where it will halt, 
and the General, dismounting and accompanied by the President, 
Governor, Chief Justice, and Revolutionary officers and soldiers, will 
advance to the arch, and receive military honors under command of 
Major-General Taylor, drawn up for that purpose. 

The procession will then be dismissed, and from the arch General 
La Fayette and his attendants will be escorted to his quarters by the 
military. 

The following gentlemen were appointed marshals, with power to 
select as many assistants as they may deem necessary, whose duty it 
will be to form the procession and preserve order on the i8th and 19th : 
Major John Goodall, Captain William Finney, Wm. McCandlish, 
Colonel C. Jones, Major John E. Parkham, Thomas Nelson, Mann 
Page, Christopher Tompkins, Thomas R. Yeatman, Colonel William 
A. Christian of Northampton, Colonel E. Pescud, Scervant Jones, 
William P. Custis, Major Robert Shields, Jr., and Seaton Elliott. It 
is anticipated by the committee, if it comports with the wishes and 
convenience of General La Fayette, that visitors will be received by 
him and strangers introduced to him on the evening of the i8th, the 
morning and evening of the 19th, and the morning of the 20th. 
Fire-works will be exhibited on the evening of the 19th, and a ball 
will probably be given on the evening of the 20th. 

BURWELL BaSSETT, 

Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements. 
John Y. Mason, 

Secretary. 

THE LANDING. 

Forty-three years ago (now 100 years ago) and this town presented 
the spectacle of a subdued enemy, marching out with hearts dejected 
and spirits humbled. Now, what a sight bursts upon the view? A 
free people, teeming with life and the fulness of joy, were arrayed on 
the heights or met upon the beach, the gallant stranger who had risked 
his all in their cause. The scene now displayed baffles all description. 
The feelings are too acute to be expressed by words ; a rapid sketch 



22 General La Fayette's 

will only be attempted. Early in the forenoon the Norfolk and Balti- 
more steamboat, Virginia, went down to the spot, about twelve miles, 
to receive the distinguished guest. Messrs. Burwell Rassett, Benjamin 
W. Leigh, General Brodnax, Mr. Robert G. Scott, Colonel Jones, 
and a number of ladies, accompanied by the Chief Justice, Judge 
Brooke, Colonels McLane and Fish, went in her. He was on the boat 
Petersburg, which conveyed him from Alexandria, accompanied by 
Colonels Harvie and Peyton, the Governor's aids. 

As soon as the boat approached. Colonels Bassett and Jones put off 
in a barge and conveyed the illustrious stranger to the Virginia, the 
Marine band, of Washington, playing " Yankee Doodle. " He was 
then introduced to the other three members of the committee, when 
Mr. Leigh deiivered the following eloquent address in the most touch- 
ing manner. 

ADDRESS. 

^^ General La Fayette : Sir, we are deputed by our fellow-citizens 
now assembled at Yorktown, to welcome you to Virginia. We will 
not recount, in your presence, the real service you have rendered this 
republic, and the virtues that so endear you to us, lest even the simple 
voice of tn.ith might pain the delicacy of a mind like yours ; but the 
emotions we all feel, of gratitude, affection, and veneration for you — 
emotions rendered more intense in each by the universal sympathy of 
others — these we cannot suppress. In the numerous assembly now 
anxiously awaiting your arrival, they are swelling in every bosom, and 
hanging on every tongue, and beaming from every eye. Yes, sir, 
you 'read your history in a nation's eyes.' A whole nation unite in 
one deep and glowing sentiment of respect and love towards you. 
Wheresoever you go, the old greet you as their leader in arms and 
their companion in toil and danger ; the partaker, too, of their triumph ; 
the young have been taught, from their earliest childhood, to honor 
and to bless your name ; the mothers and the daughters of the land 
shed tears of joy at your approach. Your name is associated in the 
memory of us all with every name, and with most of the events in our 
annals dearest to the American heart, with the illustrious and revered 
name of Washington, and with the most glorious achievements of the 
Revolution. 

" But of all the states in the Union, though we will not say that 
Virginia is the most grateful, yet she certainly owes you the largest 
debt of gratitude. This State was the chief scene of your services. 
In the day of her greatest peril, in the darkest hour of her distress, 



Visit to Virginia. 2S 

when invading armies threatened to overrun the country, and aU the 
horrors of war were pointed against our very dwellings, Washington 
selected you, his youthful friend, for the chief command, and securely 
entrusted the defence of his native State to your courage and conduct. 
How zealously you undertook, how well you fulfilled the arduous 
part assigned you, with what honor to yourself and with what advantage 
to us, no time shall obliterate the remembrance. The General of the 
enemy, in effect, pronounced your eulogium, when, conscious of his 
own abilities, and confiding in the superiority of his forces, he vaunt- 
ingly said, 'the boy cannot escape me.' History records that our 
youthful general not only did escape him, but that he held safe the 
far greater part of the country in spite of his utmost efforts, and came 
at last to yonder spot, to assist in the capture of his army, to witness 
the downfall of his hopes, the humiliation of his pride, and the last 
effort of British power against American freedom. 

"And now, after the lapse of forty-three years, he visits the same 
spot again, happy to renew the glorious recollections of the past, and 
yet happier, we hope, to see how dearly we appreciate the blessings of 
liberty and independence, which he assisted us to achieve. 

"On that spot, sir, we are most proud to receive you. We hail you 
as the hero of liberty and the friend of man ! We greet you as the 
bosom friend of Washington. We greet you as one of the Fathers of 
the Republic." 

General La Fayette answered : 

"I am happy, sir, to find myself again, after a long absence, and to 
be so kindly welcomed by your Excellency, on the beloved soil of the 
State of Virginia — that state to which I am bound by so many old 
ties of gratitude, devotion, and mutual confidence. It is to the patri- 
otic support I found in the civil authorities of this state, whose gener. 
ous spirit had already shone from the beginning of the Revolutionary 
contest ; it is to the zeal, the courage, the perseverance of the Virginia 
militia, in conjunction with our gallant Continental army, that we 
have been indebted for the success of a campaign arduous in its begin- 
ning, fruitful in its happy issue. Nothing can be more gratifying to 
my feelings than the testimonies I receive of my living still in the 
hearts of the Virginians, and I beg you, sir, to be pleased to accept and 
transmit to the citizens of this state the cordial tribute of my grateful, 
constant, and affectionate respect." 

The General's attention in listening to Mr. Leigh's address was 



24 General La Fa\tette's 

profound — his countenance dignified and deeply interesting — reflect- 
ing the various sentiments as they were expressed by the orator ; but 
when Mr. Leigh came to " The boy cannot escape me," there was an 
archness in his face which defies all description. As soon as he con- 
cluded, the band struck up "Washington's March," and the General 
was introduced to the various guests. 

The music of the fine Marine band, from Washington, and repeated 
salutes from approaching steamboats, gave a fine effect to the water 
scenery. A cold and sumptuous collation was served up to General 
La Fayette and his companions. 

The water view soon became eminently picturesque. The beach, 
the heights, filled with anxious spectators; the near water, animated 
by a variety of vessels with streamers flying, while down the river 
appeared six steamboats, with their majestic fronts and their columns 
of smoke breaking gradually to the view. The Virginia was in front 
of the centre of all. On her larboard, was the Petersburg and the 
Hampton ; on her starboard, the United States, of Baltimore, and 
the Potomac ; in the rear of all, tlie steamboat Virginia, of Richmond. 
The anticipation was intense — the attention of the numerous specta- 
tors was solemn and profound, until the steamboats came opposite to 
the town. The Governor and Council were stationed on the temporary 
wharf erected for the reception, in two lines ; the Judiciary, the Revo- 
lutionary patriots, officers of the army, invited guests, and citizens, 
were arranged in the same manner, leaving an avenue open for the 
barouche which was destined to receive him. Captain Elliott, of the 
United States navy, commanded the Virginia and all the arrangements 
for the landing. A barge put off" from the boat, with Colonel Harvie, 
to land the Marine band and to arrange for the General's landing. 
These being effected, the barge again put off", and soon brought back 
to the wharf, " the observed of all observers," his hat off" and his 
countenance exhibiting the intensest interest. He landed with his 
companions, and passed from one end of the bridge to the other, sup- 
ported on one side, by Colonel Harvie and Colonel Bassett, and on the 
other, by Colonel Peyton and Colonel Jones. He was then introduced 
to the Governor, who delivered the following address in the most 
impressive manner : 

ADDRESS BY GOVERNOR PLEASANTS. 

" General La Fayette : Sir, on behalf of the people of Virginia, I 
tender to you a most cordial and hearty welcome to our state. In 
you, we recognize the early, the steadfast, the consistent friend. Whilst 



Visit to Virginia. 25 

the United States in general owe to you so large a debt of gratitude 
for the liberal tender of your purse, your person, and your blood in 
their behalf, the State of Virginia is, if possible, still more deeply 
indebted to you. You were her defender in the hour of her greatest 
trial. At the early age of twenty-four years, with an army greatly 
inferior in numbers, and still more in equipments and discipline, you 
conducted your military movements with so much judgment that the 
ablest officer of the British army could never obtain the slightest 
advantage over you ; and whilst that officer spent his time in harassing 
our distressed state, you manoeuvred before him with the most unceas- 
ing caution and vigilance, with a steady eye to that grand result 
which brought the war to a crisis on the plains of York. 

" Forty-three years from that period, we have the happiness to find 
you in our country, the vast improvement of which is the most conclu- 
sive evidence of the correctness of the principles, for which you con- 
tended by the side of Washington. I will conclude, sir, by the 
expression of a sentiment which I believe to be strictly true. It is, 
that no man, at any time, has ever received the effusion of a nation's 
feelings which have come so directly from the heart." 

The General advanced, and, grasping the Governor's hand, said : 

GENERAL LA. FAYETTE's RESPONSE TO THE GOVERNOR. 

"I am gratified, sir, most highly gratified, by the reception you 
have given me on the part of the State of Virginia. The happy con- 
duct and the successful termination of the decisive campaign in which 
you have the goodness to ascribe to me, so large a part, were attribu- 
table much more to the constituted authorities and the people of Vir- 
ginia, than to the General, who was honored with the chief military 
command. I have the liveliest recollection of all the scenes of my 
services in this state, and of all the men with whom it was my happi- 
ness and honor to serve ; and happy as I was to assist and witness the 
accomplishment of American liberty and independence, I have been 
yet happier in the assurance that the blessings, which have flowed from 
that great event, have exceeded the fondest and most sanguine expec- 
tations." 

INTRODUCTIONS. 

The General was then successively introduced to the councillors, the 
judges, the Revolutionary officers, Mr. Chevallie, and a number of 
citizens. 

The procession then advanced, General La Fayette, the Governor* 

4 



. r. ( < , - 

26 General' La Fayette's 

Chief Justice, and Mr. Calhoun, the secretary of war, seated in the 
splendid barouche built expressly for the occasion by Mr. James 
Bosher ; next, La Fayette's son and suite, in the beautiful carriage also 
built especially for the occasion by Mr. Tichenor ; and the Council, 
&c., &c., in regular succession. It advanced (the General's head un- 
covered) amidst the salutes from the artillery company stationed on 
the heights, and from the steamboats and small craft, and amid the 
full swell of music. It passed through the long lines of citizens and 
old Revolutionary soldiers, arranged in two columns. It wound up the 
hill, and finally terminated at the General's quarters. On entering 
the house (General Nelson's house), he was cheered by a crowd of citi- 
zens. The introduction of a number of ladies and citizens followed, 
receiving all with interest and the quiet dignity of a spirit at peace 
within itself, and pleased with all the world. The most interesting of 
these interviews was with the soldiers 'of the Revolution. One of 
them advanced on, seized the General by the hand, exclaiming, " I 
was with you at Yorktown ; I entered yonder redoubt at your side; 
I, too, was at the side of the gallant De Kalb, your associate in arms, 
when he fell in the field." The tears streamed from the veteran's 
eyes, and La Fayette showed, by his countenance, the sympathy he 
felt. " Yes, my brave soldiers, I am happy to have lived to meet you 
once more." After a short time. La Fayette, respecting that inesti- 
mable spirit of equality which pervades over free institutions, went 
forth to salute the crowd of citizens who stood in the street. He was 
stationed at the gate, and the long line of gratified spectators passed 
by him. Each person seized his hand as he passed him. To all, La 
Fayette extended some mark of kindness and consideration. The 
spectacle was deeply impressive. The variety of manners in the dif- 
ferent spectators was singularly strikmg. Some, as they approached, 
fixed their eyes on his face and lingered after they had passed, as if to 
drink in the last expression of its countenance. Others advanced 
with the deepest feelings ot awe, with their eyes cast upon the earth. 

The moral effect of this spectacle was sublime. There was an 
effect in it which no words can describe. Tears streamed from a hun- 
dred eyes. The sentiments diffused through several thousand specta- 
tors were of the loftiest character. 



r 



HIS PERSONAL APPEARANCE. 



La Fayette is a man of extraordinary attractions ; in face, much 
changed within thirty years. His complexion, originally clear and 
white, is now sunburnt ; his forehead, which is very high, is covered 



Visit to Virginia. 27 

.very low with a wig; but it is still most attractive. So much sweet- 
ness and modesty are blended with steadiness of purpose and loftiness 
of sentiment. He appeared in the ordinary dress of a citizen, black 
coat and pantaloons, and white vest ; five feet ten inches high, and 
limps a little as he walks. All that he says and does is distinguished 
by a singular taste and good sense. He never seems for a moment to 
overstep the modesty of nature. All is fit — all is happy. \ 

THE I9TH OCTOBER, THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE SURRENDER OF YORK, 

was celebrated with appropriate honors. If the civic reception of the 
1 8th was affecting, the military spectacle of the 19th was brilliant 
and imposing. 

Soon after breakfast, the General walked from his quarters to the tent 
of Washington, surrounded by the Committee of Arrangements and 
others. Numbers were then introduced to him — many ladies, the 
veteran soldiers of the Revolution, citizens from other states, and all 
quarters of Virginia. 

Colonel William L. Lewis, of Campbell, was introduced to him, and 
delivered the following address : 

" General La Fayette : The sons of the mountains join most cor- 
dially their lowland brethren in welcoming your return to this country. 
They are more delighted at this particular period, because, after an ab- 
sence of about forty years, you will now be a witness of the happy effects 
of self-government, founded on the rights of man, rights, which you so 
nobly contributed to establish. Little did you think, when, in youth- 
ful age you put your life in your hand, and crossed the stormy billows 
of the deep, to fight and bleed for the independence of America, that 
the results would have been so wonderful. At that period, we were only 
a handful of people, for lacking in everything of military import, excep.t 
our invincible love and attachment for liberty, we fought : and, thanks 
to La Fayette and his native country, we conquered. Now, see the 
result. We have, nearly by the offsprings of our own loins, increased 
to more than 10,000,000 of people, cleared the immeasurable forests 
of savages and wild beasts, and in their places, are cultivating rich 
lands, building villages, towns, and cities; our commerce is spread 
over every sea, and our navy rides triumphant on the ocean. 

"Such are the effects of free government, founded on equal rights 
and supported by wise and merciful laws faithfully executed. There 
is but one alloy to our pleasure of meeting you — we dread your return 
to Europe. The despots of that country envy your increasing glory, 



28 General La Fayette's 

founded on virtue which they cannot imitate, and their political fears 
may again incarcerate you in the grated walls of a dungeon. Stay, 
then, with us ; La Fayette, stay with us — here in every house you will 
find a home, and in every heart a friend. We will, with filial affection, 
rock with gentleness the cradle of your declining age, and when it 
shall please the God of universal nature to call you to himself, 
crowned with the blessings of at least one free and mighty nation, we 
will then, with holy devotion, bury your bones by the side of your 
adopted and immortal father, and moisten your tomb with the tears 
of love and gratitude." 

(Signed) William J. Lewis, 

In behalf of himself and other sons of the mountains. 

The costume and whole appearance of Colonel Lewis were striking 
and interesting. He had on the mountain dress. On the conclusion 
of the address, the General grasped him with both hands, and in the 
most touching manner begged him to convey to his mountain friends, 
his most affectionate acknowledgments for this testimony of their kind- 
ness. He recounted the services v hich their gallantry had formerly 
rendered him. He dwelt with delight upon the interest they now 
manifested in his happiness. 

About II o'clock, the procession began to form for the triumphal 
arch, erected on the ruins of the Rock Redoubt, standing within six 
yards of the river's bank. The ceremony of the reception at that 
most interesting point was pathetic beyond expression. The old Gen- 
eral advanced up the hillock which leads to the Redoubt, limping and 
supported by the Governor, with his aids, and members of the Commit- 
tee of Arrangements. A large concourse of officers and citizens fol- 
lowed them. When La Fayette had reached the triumphal arch, 
General Taylor stepped from the semi-circular group, which was formed 
near the river's bank, saluted him with profound respect, and addressed 
him in the following manner : 

general Taylor's address. 

" General : On behalf of my comrades, I bid you welcome. They 
come to greet you with no pageantry, intended to surprise by its nov- 
elty, or dazzle by its splendor ; but they bring you. General, an offer- 
ing which wealth could not purchase, nor power constrain. On this 
day, associated with so many thrilling recollections, on this spot, con- 
secrated by successful valor, they come to offer you this willing homage 
pf their hearts. 



Visit to Virginia. 29 

"Judge, General, of their feelings, at this moment, by you own. 
Everything around them speaks alike to their senses and sensibilities. 
These plains, where the peaceful ploughshare has not yet effaced the 
traces of military operations ; these half-decayed ramparts, this ruined 
village, in which the bomb's havoc is stiU everywhere visible, tell us 
of past warfare, and remind us of that long, arduous, and doubtful 
struggle, on the issue of which depended the emancipation of our coun- 
try. On yonder hillock, the last scene of blood was closed by the sur- 
render of an army, and the liberty of our nation permanently secured. 
With what resistless eloquence, does it command our gratitude and ad- 
miration for the gallant heroes, to whose noble exertions, we owe the 
countless blessings which our free constitutions have conferred upon us. 

" The spot on which we stand, was once a redoubt, occupied by our 
enemy. With how rapid a pencil does imagination present the bloom- 
ing chieftain, by whom it was wrested from his grasp? Can we be 
here, and forget that, superior to the prejudices which then enchained 
even nobler minds, he perceived, in the first and almost hopeless strug 
gles of a distant and obscure colony, the movement of that moral 
power, which was destined to give a new direction and character to 
political institutions, and to improve human happiness ? Can we for- 
get that, deaf to the solicitations of power, of rank, and of pleasure, 
with a noble prodigality, he gave to our country his sword, his treas- 
ure, and the influence of his example? And when, in the aged warrior 
who stands before us, we recognize that youthful chieftain, with what 
rapidity does memory retrace the incidents of his eventful life? With 
what pleasure do we see his manhood realize the promise of his youth? 
In senates or in camps, in the palaces of kings or in their dungeons, 
we behold the same erect and manly spirit. At one time, tempering 
the licentiousness of popular feelings; at another, restraining the ex- 
travagance of power ; and always, regardless of everything but the 
great object of his life, the rtioral and political improvement of man. 

"General, in the brightest days of antiquity, no artificial stimulus of 
rank, or power, or wealth, was required to excite noble minds to acts 
of generous daring. A wreath of laurel, or of oak, was at once the 
proof and the reward of illustrious merit. For this, statesmen medi- 
tated, warriors bled, and eloquence soared to its sublimest heights. 
The prize was invaluable ; for it was won only by merit. It detracted, 
however, somewhat from its worth, that it was conferred by the par- 
tiality of compatriots, and, in the fervor of admiration, inspired by 
recent success. 

"Your life, General, illustrious throughout, in (his ^IsQ i§ distin- 



30 General La Fayette's 

guished. Time, which dims the lustre of ordinary merit, has rendered 
yours more brilliant. After a lapse of near half a century, your 
triumph is decreed by the sons of those who witnessed your exploits. 
Deign, then, General, to accept the simple but expressive token of 
their gratitude and admiration. Suffer their leader to place upon your 
veteran brow, tne only crown it would not disdain to wear — the blended 
emblem of your worth and martial prowess. It will not pain you, Gen 
eral, to perceive some scattered sprigs of melancholy cypress intermin- 
gled with the blended leaves of laurel and oak. Your heart would 
turn from us with generous indignation, if, on an occasion like this, 
amid the joyous acclamations which greet you everywhere, were heard 
no sighs of grateful recollection for those gallant men who shared your 
battles, but do not, cannot, share your triumph. The wreath which 
our gratitude has woven to testify our love for you, will lose nothing 
of its fragrance or its verdure, though time hangs upon its leaves, some 
tears of pious recollection of the friend of your early youth — in war, 
the avenger ; in peace, the father of his country. 

" In behalf, then, of all the chivalry of Virginia, on this redoubt, 
which his valor wrested from the enemy at the point of the bayonet, 
I place on the head of Major-General La Fayette, this wreath of 
double triumph, won by numerous and illustrious acts of martial 
ptowess, and by a life devoted to the happiness of the human race. 
In their names, I proclaim him alike victorious in arms and in acts of 
civil polity; in bannered fields, a hero; in civil life, the benefactor of 
mankind." 

La Fayette was deeply affected. There was a solemn earnestness 
in his manner, a touching sensibility in his whole countenance, which 
most deeply impressed every observer. Many wept ; all were moved. 
When General Taylor had closed his address, he was about to fix the 
civic wreath upon the General's head ; but the considerate veteran, 
always himself, always attentive to the slightest proprieties of word 
and action, caught the hovering wreath, as it approached his brow, 
with his right hand, and, respectfully bowing, dropped it at his side, 
when he thus replied : 

GENERAL LA FAVETTE's REPLY TO GENERAL TAYLOR. 

"I most cordially thank you, my dear general, and your compan- 
ions in arms, for your affectionate welcome, your kind recollections, 
and the flattering expressions of your friendship. Happy am I to re- 
ceive them on these already ancient lines^ where the united arms of 



Visit to Virginia. 31 

America and France have been gloriously engaged in a holy alliance, 
to support the rights of American independence, and the racred prin- 
ciple of the sovereignty of the people ; happy, also, to be so welcomed 
on the particular spot, vi'here my dear light-infantry comrades acquired 
one of their honorable claims to public love and esteem. You know, sir, 
that in this business of storming redoubts, with unloaded arms and fixed 
bayonets, the merit of the deed is in the soldiers who execute it, and to 
each of them, I am anxious to acknowledge their equal share of honor. 
" Let me, however, with affection and gratitude, pay a special tribute 
to the gallant name of Hamilton, who commanded the attack; to the 
three field officers who seconded him, Gimat, Laurens, and Fish ; the 
only surviving one, my friend, now near me. In their name, my dear 
General, in the name of the light infantry, those we have lost as well 
as those who survive, and only in common with them, I accept the 
crown with which you are pleased to honor us, and I offer you the re- 
turn of the most grateful acknowledgments." 

When he closed, he gave a new proof of the rapidity of his concep- 
tions, the generosity of his soul, the uniform modesty of his character. 
The very moment he concluded, (never having been prepared for such 
a scene, never having seen the address, never having expected the pre- 
sentation of the wreath,) he turned round and drew Colonel Fish to 
the front, and said : " Here, half of this wreath belongs to you." 
"No, sir," replied Fish, "it is all your own." "Then," said La 
Fayette, "take it, and preserve it as our common property." The 
whole scene was strongly marked by the moral sublime. 

The ceremony over, the grand review commenced. La Fayette 
stood near the arch, and the volunteer companies and the United 
States troops passed him in regular succession, with flags flying and 
music floating in the air. The troops then formed themselves again 
into line, and La Fayette, on foot, passed down the line. He was car- 
ried to the obelisk, situated on the spot where Viomenil had stormed 
the second redoubt. The review over, and La Fayette having seen 
and been seen by all the troops, he mounted his barouche, in company 
with the Governor, and was followed by the other carriages. The 
whole body of military and citizens then moved to the field, near to 
which the British troops had grounded their arms in '8i. Between 
there and the amphitheatre, where at least i,ooo ladies sat, the ba- 
rouche passed on, near to the ladies, who continued to wave their 
handkerchiefs as he slowly moved on. " Ladies, receive my warm 
thanks for your kind welcome," was constantly on his lips. 



32 General La Fayette's 

The whole scene defies description. Here were the fields which, 
forty-three years ago, had witnessed the tread of a conquered enemy. 
A thousand associations of this description rushed upon the mind. 
Now filled with an animated and joyous throng of from 10,000 to 
15,000 persons, the spectacle surpassed all expectation, all expression. 

La Fa\ ette was then escorted to his quarters by all the troops, and 
the lower rooms of the house were soon filled by a number of guests, 
who were invited to participate in the public dinner. 

The company sat down to the tables at 5 o'clock. The large 
marquee was nearly filled with guests. A circular table ran round the 
centre ; tvvo parallel rows of tables extended through each of the 
wings. General Taylor presided, assisted by Generals Cocke and 
Brodnax, in the central portion of the marquee, and each table in the 
wings had its own presiding officers. La Fayette sat on the right of 
General Taylor. The arrangement of the other guests, the manner of 
the entertainment, &c., are too uninteresting to relate. Our business 
is not with the etiquette of a table, the quantity of the food, or with 
the quality of the wines. No exertion had been spared to spread the 
tables ; but it was the moral spectacle alone which attracted and 
deserves attention. It was the effusion of the heart, the rapture which 
beamed from every eye and rung through the spacious marquee ; it was 
the voluntary and free oblation of a free people to their country's ben- 
efactor. The marquee was splendidly illuminated, and adorned with 
two handsome transparencies ; and it may be a matter of curiosity to 
some persons to learn, that the lights set before General La Fayette 
were fine wax-candles, which had been discovered among the United 
States stores by Colonel Eustis, and ascertained to have been found 
among the stores of Lord Conwallis, captured forty-three years before 
at Yorktown. 

The following toasts were drank on this memorable occasion : 

TOASTS. 

1. The Memory of Washington : The man to whose exalted virtue, 
profound wisdom, deliberate valor, and unbending fortitude, our 
country owes its tranquil freedom and its proud renown. 

2. Our Beloved General, General La Fayette: The laurel wreathed 
around his brow is the evergreen of fame, which wintry time shall not 
wither, but mature. 

After having presented his affectionate thanks, and remembered old 
obligations to the State of Virginia, General La Fayette offered the 
following toast : • 



Visit to Virginia. 33 

Yorktown : And may the pretensions and the arms of the usurpers 
of national rights everywhere, be surrendered to popular good sense 
and patriotic energy. 

3. The Congress of '76: The holy alliance of virtue, liberty, and 
knowledge. 

4. The Soldiers of the Revolution : Patriots who fought without 
pay, without clothing, and without murmuring. 

5. The Surviving Officers of the Revolution : Ever honored and 
revered by their happy and grateful countrymen. 

Here General La Fayette gave this toast : 

To the memory of Colonel Scammel, and of the soldiers of both 
nations who fell at the siege of Yorktown. 

6. Our Country: What envious foe can deny that she is lovely? 
Let every American revere her as his mother, and love her as the 
bride of his heart. 

7. The Constitution of the United States : Which establishes the 
line of division and the bond of union — strong be the one, distinct 
the other, and both eternal. 

8. The President : Whose youth, whose manhood, and whose age, 
have been spent in his country's service — honor and happiness attend 
his remaining years. 

9. The Congress of the United States : Though party may divide, 
duty unites ; though they differ concerning means, in sincere devotion 
to their country's good, we are happy to believe that they have always 
been unanimous. 

ID. The Navy : The school of manly sentiment and heroic enter- 
prise — now let the once proud mistress of the seas laugh at its bit of 
striped bunting, if she can. 

11. The Army: Led by a chivalry no less distinguished by valor 
than a dignified submission and proud obedience to the laws. 

12. The State of Virginia and Sister States: All prosperity and 
happiness to each and all. 

13. La Fayette's two visits to Yorktown: The first, to witness the 
humiliation of an haughty foe ; the second, the affection of a grateful 
people. 

VOLUNTEER TOASTS. 

By the Governor of Virginia : May every nation of the earth, con- 
tending for her just rights, find a Washington, a La Fayette, and a 
Yorktown. 

By the Chief Justice : The patriot soldier, whose youth, whose 

manhood, and whose age have been devoted to the battles of liberty. 
5 



34 General La Fayette's 

By Judge Brooke : The spirit of '76 — self-devotion to our country's 
good. 

By the Secretary of War, John C. Calhoun : The State of Virginia, 
when asked for her jewels, like the mother of the Gracchi, she may 
point to her sons. 

By Colonel Fish : Our country — may her gallant achievements at 
Yorktown be a lasting memento to her sons. 

By Colonel McLane: The memory of Patrick Henry. 

By General W. Jones, of the District of Columbia : Our native 
land — may our love for it be secondary only to our veneration for the 
principles that should endear it. 

By Colonel Hiiger : Honor to the patriots of the Revolution — may 
the conduct of their descendants prove them heirs to their virtues. 

By General Macomb : Virginia, like the free and independent citizen 
soldiers of the Union everywhere, will receive the hero of Yorktown 
with presented arms. 

By General Porterfield : The families of the Castle of La Grange, 
including their illustrious sire — may every good, temporal and spiritual, 
attend them. 

By Major Magruder : Olmutz — The tyrant's dungeon found preg- 
nable to republican gratitude. 

By Commodore Barron : The feeling that now pervades the nation — 
May it never flag or fail 
While the earth bears a mortal, the change to bewail. 

By Captain J. D. Elliott : The tree which bore its fruits in '77, '78, 
'79, '80, and '81. It has not submitted to an European graft — never 
has it required it. 

By G. W. La Fayette : The venerated roof of Mount Vernon, under 
which, for so many years, I was so happy as to receive a great man's 
blessing. 

By Mr. Custis : La Fayette, on the field of his fame — Twice victo- 
rious ; first, over the arms of his enemies ; and last, over the hearts of 
his friends. 

By Mr. J. A. Chevallie : The memory of Beaumarchais — by his 
timely supplies, and great influence with the government of France, he 
contributed to the independence of these United States. 

By Judge R. E. Parker : The French chevallier — Sans puer et sans 
reproche. 

By William H. Roane : The freedom of the press — the great bul- 
wark of liberty. Its censorship bodes no good to the friend of human 
rights. 



Visit to Virginia. 35 

By Colonel Charles Fenton Mercer : The man whom adversity 
could not subdue, nor prosperity seduce. 

By Colonel William J. Lewis : May heaven bless this De La Fayette, 
who fought and bled for my country. 

By Dr. Warfield, of Georgetown : Moribiis Antiquis stat Roma. 

By Colonel Peyton : The virtue which deserves a crown of laurel, 
and the eloquence which celebrates it. 

By Major S. J. Winston : The Nation's Guest — a faithful mirror, 
that reflects the light of one world on the darkness of the other. 

The whole company rose from the table at 9 o'clock, and many of 
them, with hundreds of spectators, attended, in the open fields east of 
the town, to witness the uncommonly fine fire-works, which had been 
prepared at public expense, for the general gratification. La Fayette 
was present, sitting on one of the old British embankments. 

MILITARY BREAKFAST IN THE TENT OF WASHINGTON. 

On the morning of the 20th, the officers and privates of the volun- 
teer companies spread for the old General a military breakfast. No 
scene was better calculated to wind up the whole. A neat table was 
spread under the tent of Washington, which was carried to the volun- 
teers' encampment, for the heart-felt occasion. Nothing could have 
been happier than the manner of conducting the entertainment. 
Some of the troops were formed in two lines. As the General's ba- 
rouche approached the right wing of the first line, he alighted, and 
walked down both lines, shaking every officer and man by the hand, 
and receiving their cordial congratulations. The other companies, 
who were not thus arranged, were put in motion, and passed the Gen- 
eral, standing, to receive their hands. The effect was infinitely im- 
pressive. La Fayette was then conducted to the tent, where a plenti- 
ful repast was spread before him, and the other guests. Wine was 
placed before him, and several toasts were given. 

By General La Fayette : Thanks to the volunteers of Virginia, 
with a most grateful sense of the obligation I have received from their 
fathers. 

By Mr. Douthat, of Richmond Cavalry : This tent, the tent of 
Washington, which has formerly covered the hero from the wind and 
storm. 

The whole company broke up about 11 o'clock, pleased with each 
other. 

La Fayette returned to his quarters, and the volunteers began to 



36 General La Fayette's 

strike their tents, and prepare for their departure. The considerate 
La Fayette had respectfully expressed an earnest solicitude at their vol- 
untary detention from home, and an anxious wish that they might re- 
turn to their wives, children, and friends. To set his mind at ease, it 
was determined to supersede the other arrangements which had been 
contemplated, and to decline the honors of a public ball. 

DEPARTURE OF THE VOLUNTEERS. 

The embarkation of the volunteers was a most picturesque scene. 
Then, more than one hundred vessels, which graced the harbor, 
the various modes of embarking the troops, the/eus de joie which rung 
in every direction, filled every spectator with delight. It was a scene 
worthy of the pencil of Volney. 

END OF THE CELEBRATION AT YORK. 

Let us close the celebration at York. But we cannot do it, without 
stating how admirably the whole affair has gone off. It baffles all de- 
scription It seemed a sort of enchantment to many of those who 
witnessed it. It far exceeded every expectation. The Committee of 
Arrangements deserve the thanks of the state for their zeal. More had 
been effected at so short a notice, and at so distant a theatre, than we 
had dared to expect. The enthusiasm of the troops and the citizens, 
which had thrown them in such numbers on the plains of York, will 
be gratefully remembered by every son of Virginia, who is proud of 
the Old Dominion. Our greatest gratification was, that so many were 
gratified who had partaken of our hospitality. '' Have you been sat- 
isfied ? I will not use a stronger word," observed a Virginian to a 
most intelligent gentleman of the North, who has figured in the annals 
of the Revolution. "Satisfied, sir? I am delighted. I have seen 
some of the celebrations at the North. I will not flatter you ; but I 
have never been more so. In our large towns, the company has been 
principally made up of their own population, whose habits are very 
much alike. Here we have before us, some of the choicest men of our 
state, men from every part of your state, who could have been drawn 
to so distant a scene by strong feelings only, and whose feelings, of 
course, have had full and generous play. We have, of course, a 
greater supply of character, a greater variety of interesting materials. 
These are the great charms of such an exhibition." 

We must draw this rapid sketch to a conclusion. It is hastily made, 
to supply the eager curiosity of our readers. It is, of course, neces- 
sarily very imperfect, and its haste must apologize for its numerous 



Visit to Virginia, 37 

omissions. We might fill a large space with the numerous anecdotes 
we have heard of the deep feelings which La Fayette has inspired. 

Two men, at the mere touch of his right hand, actually fell, and 
swooned away, on Wednesday morning. Our feelings could not carry 
us so far; but if we were to give way to the enthusiasm which ani- 
mated us at Yorktown, we might be suspected of romantic or affected 
sensibility. We may venture to say, that no one in this city, who 
shall behold the benevolence of that man's countenance, the dignity 
of his carriage, and the strong, common sense which runs through all 
that he says and does, but must be delighted at his coming among us. 
To the hospitable citizens of Yorktown, the warmest gratitude is due. 

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ARCHES, OBELISKS, AND PAINTINGS. 

The triumphal, or grand civic arch at Yorktown, is erected on the 
Point rock, in honor of La Fayette, at the situation which he stormed, 
and succeeded in taking, on the i8th of October, 1781. 

This arch is forty feet in front, containing a basement story of rusti- 
cated work. The arch springs to the height of twenty-four feet ; the 
abutments of the arch are ornamented with the figures of Fame and 
Victory, over the keystones, which are thirteen in number, on which 
is placed a star on each, to denote the thirteen original states. The 
wings on each side have the representation of niches. Those in the 
basement story have the fasces (an emblem of unity), with helmets, 
battle axes, &c., and other implements of war. Those above, contain 
the statue of Liberty trampling on Tyranny, and the figure of Justice, 
over which are placed the names of Laurens and Hamilton, aids to 
La Fayette at the time of his storming the redoubt. 

The whole building is surmounted by an entablature, forty feet from 
the ground, which is supported by four pilasters, of the Tuscan order, 
an attic flight of steps in the centre, upon which rests an eagle of five 
or SIX feet in height, supporting a large civic wreath, after the manner 
of the one at St. Stephen's chapel, at Rome. The eagle is cut out of 
wood, and painted in imitation of white marble. The whole front is 
painted of a light brown-stone color. The pilasters, entablature, 
figures, and other ornaments are painted to resemble white marble. 
The harmony and contrast thus produced, present a pleasing effect 
upon the eye. The uncommon beauty of the scenery, which is beyond 
description, forms a grand whole, rare or seldom ever to be met with. 
There are also two obelisks erected, one at the spot which was stormed 
by Viomenil. On each side of the pedestal, are the names of Viome- 



38 General La Fayette's 

nil, Dumat, Dupont and De Noailles, with appropriate ornaments 
(placed on the top of each pedastal), consisting of Fame, Valor, Pru- 
dence, Victory, and emblems of elegance and taste. 

The other obelisk is pla-^ed on the spot where the sword of Corn- 
wallis was surrendered. On the side of the pedestal fronting the north, 
is the name of Washington ; to the west, is inscribed, " First in War ; " 
to the south, '* First in Peace ; " and to the east, '* First in the Hearts 
of his Countrymen." Over each of these inscriptions are small 
figures, cut out of wood, and painted to imitate stone. Over Wash- 
ington, that of History, leaning on his bust ; the figures of War, Peace, 
and Agriculture. On the shaft of the obelisk, is inscribed the names of 
Nelson, Rochambcau, St. Simon, and De Grasse. 

The obelisks arc twenty-six feet in height, and are surmounted by a 
fasces and battle-cixe of ten feet. The obelisks and ornaments are 
painted to resemble stone. 

On the evening <;f the arrival of General La Fayette, a large transpar- 
ency was exhibited, emblematical of the Evening Star, forming a light, 
airy figure, which holds a motto over her head, of "Long live La 
Fayette: " and beneath we read, "Welcome to a nation's gratitude." 

On the evening of the 19th of October, other transparencies 
were exhibited. Two under the marquee — one representing two chil- 
dren, or cherubs, supporting a bust of Washington, with History 
recording on a column, the name of Washington and the Fourth of 
July, 1776; the other, an angel, supporting a child, and pointing to 
the motto, " Where liberty dwells, there is my country." 

Two other large transparencies — one representing the Goddess of 
Liberty, who is showing a boy the words, " 19th of October, 1781, and 
the names of Washington, La Fayette, and Nelson ; " at her feet, is a 
small child playing with and regarding a crown as a toy. The other, 
placed with the fireworks, represents a female decorating the portrait 
of La Fayette as he appeared in 1781, said to be a good likeness of 
him as he was at that day. All the figures are upon the scale of life. 
The painting of the transparencies, with the designs and decorations 
of the arch and obelisks, were under the direction and executed by 
Mr. J. Warrell, assisted by Mr. Swain, who was the architect. Mr. 
Warrell's pencil, on this occasion, considering the very short time in 
which it was employed, has worked wonders. 



Visit to Virginia. 39 



OFFICERS IN COMMAND AT YORK. 

Commander-in-Chief. — Major-General Robert B. Taylor. 

Brigade Commanders. — Brigadier-General .John H. Cocke, Brigadier-General 
William H. Brodnax. 

Division Inspector. — Colonel Albert Allmand. 

Brigade Inspectors. — Major D. C. Butts, Colonel William Boiling. 

Adjutant General. — Major Lomax. 

Assistant Adjutant-General. — J. B. Taylor. • 

Division Quartermaster. — Major James Hunter. 

Brigade Quartermaster. — Captain John Y. Mason. 

Colonels. — Robert Gamble, James R. Nimmo, J. B. Harvie. 

Lieutenant Colonels. — Walter T. Cocke, John G. Joynes, Catesby Jones. 

Majors. — W. C. Holt, William K. Perrin, .James Magruder, .John Goodall, and 
John E. Parham. 

Aids. — E. H. Lundy, John Myers, and Captain Thomas Leigh. 

Secretary. — George C. Dromgoole, Esq. 

TROOPS ARE AS FOLLOWS : 

United States troops, five hundred all told, commanded by Colonel Eustis and 
Major Fanning. 

Richmond Companies. — Richmond La Fayette Artillery, commanded by Lieuten- 
ant Richardson ; Light Infantry Blues, Captain Murphy ; Rifle Rangers, Cap- 
tain Brooke ; Fayette Guards (cavalry). Captain Nelson. 

Norfolk Companies. — Independent, Captain Capron ; Juni':r Volunteers, Captain 
Gibbons. 

Portsmouth Companies. — Rifle Company, Captain Young; Portsmouth Artillery, 
Captain Cooke. 

Hampton Company. — Fayette Corps (infantry). Captain Westwood. 

Suffolk Company. — Columbians, Captain Charlton. 

Petersburg Companies.— lAght Infantry, Captain JIcRae ; Troop of Cavalry, 
Captain Pegram ; Independent Volunteers, Captain H;:nderson. 

Fredericksburg company. Captain Crutchfield. 

Williamsburg troop of cavalry, Captain McCandlish. 

New Kent and Charles City troop of cavalry, Captain Christian. 

LA Fayette's quarter-guard at york. 

General La Fayette was honored with a quarter-guard at York, composed 
entirely of oflacers. The following are the names of the oflicers and men of the 
guard : 

Colonel Richard Graves, captain; Colonel William Starke, first lieutenant; 
Colonel William Lambert, second lieutenant; Captain Charles H. Hyde, third 
lieutenant ; Major Jesse Snead, first sergeant ; Captain William L. White, second 
sergeant; Captain George P. Richardson, third sergeant; Captain Bartholomew 
Graves, fourth sergeant ; Lieutenant Samuel H. Myers, first corporal. Privates: 



40 General La Fayette's 

Major William Ratcliffe, Captain William B. Bailey, Captain Miller, Captain 
William K. Clopton, Captain W. W. Graves, Lieutenant Thomas Macon, Lieu- 
tenant Thomas Hilliard, Ensign George W. Morris, Ensign Hockaday, Major G. 
W. Cole, Captain A. McRae, Captain Daniel Cheatham, Lieutenant Nelson Cary, 
Colonel J. P. Burton, Captain Samuel Bockius, Captain R. L. Staples, Lieutenant 
Richard Dabney, Captain Goddin, Captain Walthum, Lieutenant L. Wercq, 
Ensign James Southgate, Ensign R. C. Nicholas, Ensign G. A. Myers, Colonel G. 
W. Biussett, Captain Thomas Nelson, Captain G. Turner, Lieutenant Elisha 
White, Colonel Benjamin Anderson, Captain Joseph S. Watkins, and Colout;! W. 
A. Christiati. 

A List of the General Officers in the Revolutionary Army in 1781, 

AGREEABLE TO RANK. 

George Washington, Commander-in-Chief. 

Major Generals. 

Israel Putnam Connecticut. 

Charles Lee Virginia. 

Horatio Gates Virginia. 

W'illiam Heath Massachusetts. 

Nathaniel Green Rhode Island. 

William Alexander (Earl of Stirling) Jersey. 

Arthur St. Clair Pennsylvania. 

Benjamin Lincoln Massachusetts. 

Marquis De La Fayette France. 

Baron De Kalb France. 

Robert Howe North Carolina. 

Alexander McDougal New York. 

Baron Steuben. Prussia. 

William Smallwood Maryland. 

Samuel Parsons Connecticut. 

Henry Knox Massachusetts. 

Duportaile, of engineers France. 

Brigadier Generals. 

William Thompson Virginia. 

John Nixon Massachusetts. 

James Clinton New York. 

William Moultrie South Carolina. 

Laughlin M'Intosh North Carolina. 

William Maxwell Jersey. 

Enoch Power New Hampshire. 

John Glover Massachusetts. 

John Pattei-son Connecticut. 

Anthony Wayne Pennsylvania. 

William Woodford Virginia. 

Peter Muhlenburg Virginia. 

•Edward Hand Pennsylvania. 

Jedekiah Huntington Connecticut. 



Visit to Virginia. 41 

John Starke New Hampshire. 

Mordecai Gist Maryland. 

William Ervin Pennsylvania. 

Promoted after that period: 

Daniel Morgan Virginia. 

General Sumpter South Carolina. 

General Marion South Carolina. 

Joseph Greaton .' Massachusetts. 

Junius Putnam Massachusetts. 

Otho Williams Maryland. 

REFLECTIONS ON THE CELEBRATION AT YORK. 

There were some features in the celebration at York, which were 
calculated to attract the attention of every observer. When General 
La Fayette landed on the platform, there was not one huzzah, one 
cheer, a single sound of exultation or respect. A profound silence 
reigned through the whole assembly. He was introduced to the Gov- 
ernor, the Council, the Revolutionary officers, and other citizens. 
Some time elapsed before he passed through the lines, and mounted his 
barouche; yet not one cheer burst from the lips of one individual. All 
seemed absorbed in the solemnity and pathos of the scene before 
them. What nobler compliment could have been paid to him ? Nor 
was it until the cavalcade set out, that the shout of joy was raised, at 
the instance of one of the marshals of the day. The affecting exhi- 
bitions of the public feeling, were not confined to the hoary heroes of 
the Revolution. The delicious tears of sensibility were shed by all 
descriptions of persons, by both sexes, and by every age. We saw 
men, of the highest character in the state, dissolved in tears; judges 
and generals, " albeit unused to the melting mood," almost blubber- 
ing like children. 

Of the various scenes exhibited, the landing was certainly the finest. 
The review was splendid, the reception under the rock redoubt was pa- 
thetic, the salutation of the General, by an amphitheatre of i,ooo 
ladies, was charming; but, next to the landing, the military breakfast of 
the 2oth, and the previous gratulations of the whole military corps, 
were the most touching. To see General La Fayette, the man who 
is now reading his history in a " nation's eyes," partaking of a sol- 
dier's fare, with the volunteers of Virginia, under the tent of Wash- 
ington, stretched upon the plains of Yorktown, was one of those spec- 
tacles which we are not allowed to witness in half a century. 

In fine, take the celebration at Yorktown, in whatever attitude you 
will, and it is one of those high-wrought and noble exhibitions, which 
no man would willingly miss, and none can ever forget. 

6 



42 General La Fayette's 



LA FAYETTE IN THE TENT OF WASHINGTON. 

I will rest in the war-house that sheltered the form 
Of my hero, my friend, and his countr}''s preserver ; 

That guarded his care-stricken head from the storm — 
That caught the warm sights of the patriot's fervor. 

I will count, by the threads that I find in the woof, 
The throbs in his head and his heart that were beating, 

While his thoughts were, when midnight enshrouded its roof. 
Retrieving defeat, or a victory greeting. 

I will sleep in the home of the soldier, and view. 

In my dreams, his achievements, unequalled in story ; 

My visions, the hopes of my youth shall renew. 
Till I wake to the real fruition of glory. 

GENERAL LA FAYETTE's MOVEMENTS RECEPTION AT WILLIAMSBURG. 

After dining at York, he sat out at 2 o'clock, Wednesday afternoon, 
in his barouche, attended by his suite, and others in carriages. He 
was attended to Williamsburg by tne Governor and Council, the Chief 
Justice, the Secretary of War, Major-General Taylor and his aids, 
Brigadier-General Cocke and staff. Judge Brooke, Colonel Bassett, 
General Macomb, General Jones, of Washington ; Captain Elliott, 
Colonel Roberdeau, and escorted by a battalion, under Major Butts. 
He arrived at Williamsburg at 6 o'clock, amidst merry peals of bells 
and the congratulations of its citizens. He was conducted to the res- 
idence of Mrs. Mary Monroe Peachy, which had been volunteered for 
his accommodation by that patriotic lady, where he was received by 
the Mayor and civil authorities, with an eloquent address, delivered 
by Mr. Robert Anderson, to which he made a neat and appropriate 
address, as follows : 

THE general's ADDRESS. 

"Your affectionate welcome, and the honorable expressions of 
your esteem, are the more gratifying to me, as I remember my old 
personal obligation to this seminary, the parent of so many enlight- 
ened patriots who have illustrated the Virginian name. Here, sir, 
were formed, in great part, the generous minds whose early resolutions 
came forth in support of their heroic Boston brethren, and encouraged 
the immortal Declaration of Independence, so much indebted, itself, to 
an illustrious Virginian pen. Those, and many other recollections, such 
as the efforts made by a colonial assembly of Virginia, in times still 
more remote, to obtain from the British Government the abolition of 



Visit to Virginia. 43 

the slave trade, inspire a great respect for the college, where such sen- 
timents have been cherished. I am sensible of the honor conferred 
on me by the adoption you have been pleased so kindly to announce, 
and I beg you, sir, and the other gentlemen of the college, to accept 
my most grateful thanks." 

After visiting our college, and going to pay his respects to Mrs. Page, 
the widow of the late Governor Page, he sat down to dinner at the 
Raleigh Tavern, at which Colonel Bassett presided, assisted by J. A. 
Smith and Ro. McCandlish, as vice-presidents, at which there were 
many distinguished gentlemen — the Governor and Council, Chief- 
Justice Marshall, John C. Calhoun, Generals Taylor, Macomb, Jones, 
Brodnax, and Carrington, with their suites ; Captain Elliott, of the 
navy; Colonels Peyton, Harvie, Mercer, George Hay, Major Gibbon, 
John Tyler, Dr. S. S. Griffin, Dr. S. Cotton, William T. Gait, Judge 
Brooke, Robert G. Scott, Dr. John A. Smith, Captain Ro. Mc- 
Candlish, and others. 

On Friday morning, the General left Williamsburg, at lo o'clock, for 
Jamestown, where the steamboat Petersburg, with two navy barges, 
under the command of Captain Morgan, awaited him. He was met 
at Jamestown by a deputation from Norfolk, consisting of L. W. 
Tazewell, Thomas Newton, George Loyall, Walter Herron, B. Pollard, 
William B. Lamb, Esqs., and Dr. R. B. Starke, and was conducted on 
board, where a sumptuous collation was served. The effect of his 
reception on board, was enlivened by the fine band of the United 
States ship North Carolina. 

GENERAL LA FAYETTE's RECEPTION AT NORFOLK. 

Norfolk, Monday, October 2jth. The man whom the people delight 
to honor, who is the joy of all tongues, is now among us, receiving 
from the good citizens of Norfolk every testimony of affection and 
respect which the most enthusiastic emotions of gratitude can suggest. 
Though not equalling the grandeur and magnificence which have char, 
acterized his receptions in the wealthier cities which he has passed, we 
may congratulate ourselves that in Norfolk the nation's guest has re- 
ceived a ' ' welcome ' ' not less cordial and respectful, nor, we will venture 
to add, less gratifying, to him. Arrangements were made for receiving 
him at 4 o'clock on Friday afternoon, and the ferry stairs was desig- 
nated as the place of landing, where a flag-staff, bearing aloft the Amer- 
ican ensign, was erected, and two pieces of artillery stationed, under 
the direction of Captain George Ott, to fire a salute as the General 



44 General La Fayette's 

landed. The two volunteer companies of Norfolk — the Independents, 
Captain Capron ; and the Juniors, Captain Gibbons — and the two from 
Portsmouth — the excellent Rifle Corps, commanded by Captain 
Young; and the Portsmouth Grays, Captain Langhorne — formed a 
line along the left side of the avenue through which he was to pass, 
and a line, composed of the corporate societies of the borough, and cit 
zens generally, was formed on the opposite side, extending from the 
wharf, up Market square, to the corner of Main street, where a hand- 
some civic arch had been erected. The whole area of the Market 
square was kept clear by the vigilance of the marshals; on the foot- 
ways, however, the throng was very great. Along the footway on 
Main street, fronting Market square, were ranged, in handsome order, 
the children of the numerous schools — male and female — and those 
of the Female Orphan Asylum. 

At the arch, was stationed the corporate authorities of the borough, 
the reverend clergy of all denominations, and the gentlemen of the 
profession of law and physic. The whole of Market square presented 
a truly animated picture. In addition to the great number of our 
population, ranged along the sides of Market square, and in Main 
street, every window within view, and the tops of several of the houses, 
were crowded with ladies, who, although not equalling in number those 
which, in similar situations, greeted the arrival of the nation's guest, 
in the larger cities, might, we think, justly claim the point of beauty. 

At 5 o'clock, a signal-gun announced the approach of the Peters- 
burg, within sight from the town, and shortly after, a full salute of 
artillery from the revenue cutter, Monroe, Captain Jones, gave notice 
that she had arrived at the mouth of the harbor. On nearing the 
Portsmouth side, the General received a salute from the Portsmouth 
artillery company, under Captain Cooke, stationed on the hill above 
the harbor, which was echoed by a similar one from the navy-yard 
above. The Petersburg, having anchored off the county wharf, an 
elegant barge, rowing thirteen oars, in which was seated Captain War- 
rington, of the navy, and George Newton and William Maxwell, Esqs., 
the committee deputed by the court and common council to receive 
our guest, put off on her. In ten minutes after, he was landed, with 
his son, George Washington, and suite, Colonels Peyton and Harvie, 
(the Governor's aids) who attended him as a commission on the part of 
the state, the secretary of war, Mr. Calhoun, Major-General Taylor 
and Brigadier-General Cocke, with their suites ; General Macomb, 
Colonel Roberdeau, General Jones, and other distinguished person- 
ages, under a salute from the artillery at the flag-staff, and proceeded 



Visit to Virginia. 45 

through the avenue formed by the parallel ' lines of citizens and mili- 
tary, to the arch, where he was received by the mayor, John E. Holt, 
Esq., who delivered an appropriate and handsome address, to which 
the General replied in a manner expressive of the finest feelings and 
the best sentiments ; after which, the General was handed to the car- 
riage, which was in waiting to receive him, and, seated with the mayor 
and committee, proceeded on up Main street, followed by other car- 
riages containing the gentlemen accompanying him, to the elegant 
apartments prepared for him at Mrs. Hansford's boarding house. As 
the General passed up Market square, after landing, the line of volun- 
teers successively wheeled in, by platoons, and followed ; and as he 
proceeded up Main street, after leaving the arch, the Marine and Me- 
chanic societies, and citizens generally, wheeled, six deep, after the 
volunteers had passed, and formed in procession. On arriving at his 
quarters, the General, his suite, and company attending, alighted and 
went in. As the procession of military and citizens came opposite, it 
halted and wheeled into line, facing the General's quarters, and leav- 
ing a space large enough for another procession, of a most interesting 
description, to pass in review before our paternal guest; this consisted 
of the children of the different schools, the little girls, all neatly 
dressed, being in front. While the General reviewed them, and 
passed down the line, there were huzzas and waving of hats, but gen- 
erally the citizens preferred the more silent, and, we think, the more 
expressive, mode of showing their respect, by uncovering their heads 
while he was passing them. Never did we see joy and gladness so 
visibly depicted in the human countenance, as they were in the face of 
every individual in the vast concourse which attended this interesting 
scene. 

At night the town was brilliantly illuminated. Main street was one 
continuous blaze of light throughout, and scarcely a house in any part 
of the town was dark. Some of the houses showed great taste in the 
arrangement of lights, and also in the transparencies, devices, and 
mottoes. The seat of Walter Herron, Esq., at the head of Fenchurch 
street, remote as it was from the more populous part ot the town, 
attracted crowds of company to view it, by the splendor and taste 
with which it was illuminated. There were many others, also, worthy 
of notice, among which Lyford's commercial reading-room and dwell- 
ing above, Mr. J. T. Allyn's, Mr. C. Hall's, and Mr. John Johnson's, 
were the most, conspicuous. The Masonic lodge deserves particular 
notice. Its transparencies and mottoes were splendid, and exceedingly 
happy in conception. Our guest, accompanied by a few friends, took 



46 General La Fayette's 

the rounds at 8 o'clock, and expressed much gratification at the joyous 
scene. The streets were thronged with gay company, and everything 
seemed to bespeak the utmost good humor and good feeling. In his 
circuit, he paid a visit to the lodge, where he was received with 
becoming respect. 

Our sister town of Portsmouth vied with us in the brilliancy of her 
illumination. The town exhibited a blaze of joy. Forty-two bonfires 
illuminated the shore in front of the town, and produced a splendid 
effect. 

On Saturday, the General received visits from the ladies and gentle- 
men. At 12 o'clock, he was waited on by a committee of the Norfolk 
Benevolent Mechanic Society, when an address was delivered by Mr. 
John McPhail (one of the committee), expressive of the warmest feel- 
ings of love, veneration, and gratitude. The General's reply was 
extremely affectionate, and full of the pure feelings of benevolence 
which beamed in his eye, and animated his countenance. 

In the afternoon, he was conducted to a civic banquet, ordered by 
the citizens of Norfolk, and prepared by Mrs. Davis, at the Exchange. 
The number who sat down with him was about 300, among whom were 
a number of invited guests, comprehending all those who accompanied 
him from Jamestown, the mayor and the corporate authorities, &c. 
The mayor, John E. Holt, Esq., presided, supported by the members 
of the Select and General Committees. The entertainment was truly 
splendid, and gave the most perfect satisfaction to all who partook of 
it. The tables were highly ornamented, and everything was arranged 
with the utmost taste and elegance. The room was fancifully deco- 
rated with flags, paintings, transparencies, &c.; all tastefully dressed 
with evergreens, and exhibiting in the tout ensemble a brilliant and 
animating scene. 

At 8 o'clock, the General retired, and passed the evening at the 
house of General Taylor, where he supped, with a numerous company. 
On Sunday, the General attended divine service at Christ church, 
whither he was conducted from his lodgings by the brethren of the 
different lodges, forming the largest Masonic procession Norfolk has 
ever witnessed. The Rev. Mr. Wilmer, from Alexandria, officiated, 
and delivered a discourse expressly adapted to the occasion of General 
La Fayette's visit to the United States. The reverend gentleman was 
extremely happy in the manner and matter of his discourse. 

From the church, the General was escorted back to his lodgings by 
the Masonic procession, and at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, left on a 
visit to Fortress Monroe, to return on to-morrow at 10 o'clock. He 



Visit to Virginia. 47 

will then visit Portsmouth and the navy-yard, and in the evening at- 
tend the ball with which the citizens intend to honor him, and at lo 
o'clock leave us, on his way to Richmond, in the steamboat Peters- 
burg. 

TOASTS DRANK AT THE CIVIC DINNER, GIVEN IN HONOR OF GENERAL 
LA FAYETTE, AT THE EXCHANGE. 

1. The memory of Washington : The Father of our Country. 

2. General La Fayette : The disciple of Washington, the friend of 
the United States, and the votary of freedom. 

The General arose, and after a short, appropriate address, gave the 
following : 

Norfolk : And may her former sufferings be more and more rewarded 
by the prosperity which her happy situation warrants her friends to 
anticipate. ' 

3. The old Continental Congress : The founders of a new nation. 

4. The Officers and Soldiers of the Revolutionary war, dead and 
living : The dead are living in our hearts, and the living shall never 
be dead. 

5. The United States of America: Free, sovereign, and indepen- 
dent. 

6. The President and Congress of the United States : The true in- 
terpreters and faithful ministers of the people's will. 

7. The Judiciary of the United States : The wise and independent 
guardians of the people's liberty. 

8. The Army and Navy of the United States : The gallant and vic- 
torious defenders of our nation's rights and honor. 

9. The Agriculture, Commerce, Manufactures, Arts and Sciences, of 
the United States: The sinews of our nation's wealth, happiness, and 
glory. 

10. The Siege and Victory of York : An epoch in the annals of 
history. 

11. The Young Republics of South America : New stars in the con- 
stellation of free states. 

12. Greece: Herself again. 

13. The cause of Liberty throughout the world : It is great, and 
must prevail. 

VOLUNTEER TOASTS. 

By the Secretary of War : The Chesapeake Bay — On her shore our 
settlement first commenced, and the struggle of the Revolution termi- 



48 General La'^Fayette's 

nated. May she never again be profaned by the presence of a hostile 
fleet. 

By Colonel McLane : The gallant defenders of Craney Island. 
By Miles King, Esq. : The family at La Grange — Those who are dear 
to our friends, will ever be dear to us. 

By General C. F. Mercer : Public virtue and her sons, Washing- 
ton, La Fayette, and Bolivar. 

By Henry St. George Tucker, Esq. : The spirit of civil liberty, 
which unites, as a band of brothers, those who are separated by lan- 
guage, religion, and country. 

By General J. Mason : Public gratitude — The manner in which 
the great benefactor of this people is everywhere received, will assure 
the future generations of our country, of the value we set on our rights 
and liberties, and stimulate their efiforts to transmit them, unimpaired, 
to the latest posterity. 

By Colonel J. B. Preston : The gems presented by the genius of 
Norfolk to General La Fayette — may they be found decorating none 
but the bosoms of the brave. 

By General Macomb : Kosciusko — In revering the living defenders 
of liberty, let us not forget the dead. 

By Colonel Eustis : Virginia's jewels — the living Gracchi, Jeffer- 
son, Madison, and Monroe. 

By Mr. J. B. Moussier: The State of Virginia — placed in the centre 
of the Union, she forms the heart of it ; the pages of history are 
adorned by the names of her statesmen and heroes. 

By Thomas Newton, Esq. : Knowledge, the aegis of freemen. 

By John Cowper, Esq. : The next President, the President of the 
people. 

By Dr. R. Archer: Patriotism and Philanthropy — When combined 
in the same individual, he may be justly styled the noblest work of 
God. 

By Mr. P. J. Cohen : The memory of our first friend and ally, 
Louis XVI. 

By Everard Hale, Esq. : La Fayette, the noble of nature, among 
other nobles, a star of the first magnitude. 

By Mr. J. McPhail : Thomas Newton, our worthy representative, 
the firm and consistent patriot. 

By Mr. Bernard Mulhollan : Major General Richard Montgomery, 
a son of Erin, who nobly fell in the cause of liberty and of American 
independence. 

By Dr. Richard Kennon : The memory of Lieutenant W. H. Cocke, 



Visit to Virginia. 49 

who was sacrificed at Porto Rico — the officer, the seaman, and the 
gentleman. 

By J. A, Chandler, Esq. : 

"Let the brave ne'er despair, for tho' myriads oppose, 
The arm moved by freedom shall conquer all foes." 

The following toast was given by one of the company : 
George Washington La Fayette : Worthy of both his names. 
M. La Fayette then arose and tendered his thanks for the honor 
done him, in a brief, but very handsome speech. 

THE RECEPTION IN RICHMOND. 

Every preparation is making to receive him to-day (Tuesday, Octo- 
ber 26, 1824), in the metropolis of the state. He and his suite will 
land at Osborne's, about nine miles from the lines of the city, and 
will be escorted by four of the committee of arrangements, and the 
Fayette Guards. At the edge of the city, the procession will be 
formed, march up E street to Fifth, into H street, until it arrives at 
the City Hall, where the General will be welcomed and addressed by 
the constituted authorities of the city. He will then be conducted 
through the triumphal arch, at the northern gate, into the Public 
Square, where he will be introduced to the Revolutionary officers, 
ladies, and citizens; thence into H street, to review the troops; after 
which the procession will follow him to the Eagle Hotel, where his 
headquarters are to be established. 

We expect to witness a scene of the greatest interest and joy. The 
Public Square is embellished with four triumphal arches, two obelisks, 
the Richmond marquee, and the tent of Washington, which were last 
evening pitched by the Revolutionary officers, and, by a happy arrange- 
ment, are to be guarded by the Junior Volunteers. The whole city is 
already animated by the hum of the moving multitude. Hundreds 
and thousands of our fellow-citizens, of all ages and both sexes, are 
pouring in to hail the " nation's guest." The officers of the Revolu- 
tionary army, to the number of twenty-five or thirty, have already ar- 
rived, and are quartered with him at the Eagle, conspicuous for their 
years and conspicuous for * their services. Let us all make him wel- 
come. No other man in the universe could have called forth such 
joyous testimonies of a nation's love. Ages may pass away before 
such another occasion may occur. 

ORDER OF THE DAY. 

The Fayette Artillery will occupy the hill overlooking Rocketts and 

Main street. So soon as the approach of General La Fayette is 

7 



50 General La Fayette's 

observed a signal-gun will be fired by the artillery, which will be 
answered by another from the Capitol Square. Immediately after the 
signal-guns are heard, the streets will be cleared of carriages, wagons, 
drays, &:c. All persons desirous of seeing the procession, will occupy 
such places as they may think proper. The artillery will then fire a 
Federal salute from their station, on Craddock's Hill, and take their 
position in the procession. On their arrival at the Capitol Square, 
and after he has been received in the City Hall by the civil authori- 
ties, they will fire another salute of fifteen guns. 

ORDER OF PROCESSION 

to be observed on the day on which General La Fayette shall be re- 
ceived in this city .- 

The Mayor and Court of Hustings, the President and members of 
Common Council of the city, escorted by the troop of cavalry, will 
meet General La Fayette on the turnpike road near the Powhatan 
warehouse, where he will be saluted by an address from the Mayor, and 
conducted to the intersection of E, Rocketts, and Twenty-seventh 
streets, which point will form the right of the procession, extending 
westwardly. The march of the procession will be by E street to Fifth 
street, thence pursuing Fifth street to H street, thence down H to the 
City Hall. 

1. The La Fayette Guards will form the advance of the whole, by 
fours. 

2. The members of the Court of Hustings and Common Council on 
horseback, by fours. 

3. Major-General La Fayette in barouche. 

4. The carriage for the General's suite. 

5. The members of the Cincinnati Society and other officers of the 
Revolutionary army, by fours. 

6. The Governor and members of the Executive Council. 

7. The judges of the Court of Appeals and the judges of the Supe- 
rior Courts of Chancery and Law. 

8. The clergy of every denomination of religion. 

9. Major-General Taylor and his aids-de-camp. 

10. Brigadier Generals and their aids. 

11. Adjutant General and the general staff of the Major and Brig- 
adier Generals. 

12. The Treasurer, two Auditors, Register, Attorney General of the 
State and of the United States, the Presidents and Cashiers of the 
banks, the Marshal and Clerk of the Federal Court. 



Visit to Virginia. 51 

13. The officers who may appear in uniform of the United States 
army, and of the militia, either from the city regiment or from any 
other regiment, by fours. 

14. Fayette Artillery. 

15. Richmond Light Infantry Blues. 

16. Rifle Rangers. 

17. Junior Volunteers. 

18. Morgan Legion. 

19. The citizens and strangers who are on foot. 

20. The citizens and strangers in carriages. 

21. The same on horseback. 

22. Captain Boiling's company of State Guards will bring up the 
rear. 

Colonel Harvie is appointed chief marshal, and in his absence 
Lieutenant-Colonel Lambert will supply his place. 

Assistant Marshals: Colonel Lambert, Major Carrington, Quarter- 
master Judah, Captain Hyde, Captain Richardson, Captain Walthall, 
Captain James, Lieutenant Myers, and Lieutenant Prentiss. 

LA FAYETTE IN RICHMOND. 

The reception of the nation's guest in Richmond has called forth 
those deep-toned sentiments of gratitude and joy which he has every- 
where inspired. His presence seems to operate as a spell. All regular 
business is suspended, crowds rush from all parts to see him, and the 
most rapturous welcomes burst from every lip. 

At II o'clock on Monday night, he took leave of Norfolk, and 
embarked with his numerous suite on board the steamboat Petersburg 
for this city. He was expected to arrive here about 2 o'clock, and 
every preparation was made to receive him in form. But the morning 
was very inclement, and the Mayor determined to suspend the proces- 
sion until the following day. At an early hour in the morning, how- 
ever, four gentlemen of the Committee of Arrangements proceeded in 
carriages to Osborne's, where it was intended that he should be escorted 
to Richmond ; but when the steamboat hove in sight, about 12 o'clock, 
at the intended point of landing, and the committee had gone aboard 
and communicated with the General, it was determined to send the 
carriages back to Rocketts, and to conduct the General to that point 
by steamboat. About 2 o'clock the boat reached the wharf at Rock- 
etts, and notwithstanding the procession had been in the meanwhile 
put off until the following day, yet, so intense was the anxiety of our 
citizens to see him, that the wharves and the heights were filled by 



52 General La Fayette's 

eager spectators, on foot and on horseback. The volunteer troops 
had turned out to honor him. Every imaginable respect was paid 
him on landing, and he was conducted to his carriage amid the cheer- 
ing of an immense multitude. The procession set out with an escort 
of the Fayette Guards in front ; next, the barouche with General La 
Fayette, Secretary Calhoun, and two members of the Committee of 
Arrangements ; next, the other carriage, drawn by four elegant grays, 
with Mr. G. W. La Fayette, the secretary, Mr. Le Vasseur, and two 
other members of the Committee of Arrangements; in the other car- 
riages were Messrs. Scion and G. Hay, General McComb, General W. 
Jones and his staff, General Cocke, Commodore Barron, and Captain 
Elliott of the navy ; Colonel McLane, Colonel Roberdeau of the Engi- 
neer corps. Captain Mountfort, Major Mercer, and Lieutenant Ring- 
gold ; Mr. C. F. Mercer, member of the House of Representatives ; 
Colonels Harvie and Peyton, the Governor's aid, and other gentlemen. 

The procession advanced up E street (or Main), followed by an 
immense mass of people, who were mounted on horseback or lined the 
footways. The troop of horse followed behind the carriages, then the 
Artillery company, the Light Infantry Blues, Rifle Rangers, Junior 
Volunteers, and the pretty-looking company of small boys dressed in 
hunting shirts, and styling themselves, the Morgan Legion. 

At the intersection of various cross-streets, carriages were stationed, 
filled with ladies. The rain had subsided, joy and animation were 
exhibited in every countenance, and the welkin rang with strains of 
music and salutes of the artillery. The fair sex expressed their feel- 
ings, by the waving of their handkerchiefs, as the procession passed 
every window. When it arrived opposite the Union Hotel, it halted 
for a moment under the double arch, which was erected at that spot 
by the citizens of the neighborhood, and was tastefully embellished 
with a wreath of evergreens. At each of the four basements of this 
double arch, a young lady was stationed. As soon as the cheering of 
the immense multitude had ceased, the procession marched on up 
Main street until it halted at the Eagle Hotel, which had been selected 
as the quarters of the General, his suite, and all the invited guests, 
embracing, of course, the officers of the Revolutionary army. Though 
General La Favette had been conducted to his levee-room, yet the 
crowd still continued hovering in the streets. Their intense curiosity 
was not yet satisfied. Many citizens were introduced to La Fayette, 
but none were so much entitled to a reception, none received a warmer 
welcome, than his old associates-in-arms. 

The introduction of the Revolutionary officers here, as well as at 



Visit to Virginia. 53 

York, was, perhaps, the most interesting and affecting scene to which 
his visit among us has given rise. These aged and venerable men, 
amounting to forty in number, were presented to their old companion- 
in-arms in the spacious and elegant drawing-room appropriated to his 
use, on Tuesday evening, very soon after his arrival. He received 
them in the most cordial and affectionate manner, evincing the deepest 
symyathy with them in their recollection of the hardships and dangers 
through which they had mutually passed, and the proud results of their 
joint labors. The old soldiers were themselves variously affected. Some 
of them saluted him in silence, with the most profound and heart-felt 
respect. Others welcomed him among us in every expression of sin- 
cerity and kindness. 

At 5 o'clock, General La Fayette sat down to a dinner, at which his 
suite, the gentlemen who had attended him from Norfolk, the officers 
of the Revolution, the officers of the General, State, and City gov- 
ernments, and the members of the Committee of Arrangements, at- 
tended. 

Mr. Leigh acted as president of the one table, Dr. John Brocken- 
brough at the other, assisted by Messrs. Fitzwhylsonn, T. Brocken- 
brough, R. G. Scott, and W. H. Roane, as vice-presidents ; General 
La Fayette, the Chief Justice, and Mr. Calhoun at the right of Mr. 
Leigh, the Governor and Judge Brooke at his left, and on both sides 
and in front, were stationed the Revolutionary officers. 

The following toasts were given : 

By Mr. Leigh : To the memory of the great and good Washington. 
The health of our generous friend, our gallant General, our beloved 
guest and fellow-citizen. 

By General La Fayette : The State of Virginia and the city of Rich- 
mond — and may their joint share in the prosperity of America be 
equal to the Virginian's share in the beginning of the Revolutionary 
struggle, and in the campaign which terminated the contest. 

By Governor Pleasants : The State of Virginia — Her sons and 
daughters, though last, not least in love to the nation's guest. 

By Chief-Justice Marshall : Ration a l Liber ty — the cause of man-l 
kind ; its friends cannot despair when they behold its champions. ^ 

By Judge Brooke : The gratitude of a free people to the apostle of 
liberty in both hemispheres ; it fills the hearts of kings and princes 
with fear of change. 

By Mr. Calhoun : The cause of '76. We have this day witnessed 
that age has not diminished the ardor of its defenders ; no art, no 
power, nor time itself, can deprive the world of their glorious example. 



54 General La Fayette's 

By Mr. G. W. La Fayette : The share my countrymen had the honor 
to have in the decisive battle of Yorktown ; may they, whenever they 
shall fight for the cause of liberty, be as successful as they were that 
day. 

By General McComb : The man who has set the example and fol- 
lowed the precept that " virtue is the only true nobility." 

By Commodore Barron : No dungeon dark, when illumined by the 
effulgent glory of a virtuous patriot's presence. 

By Colonel Roberdeau : The memory of the heroes who fell in the 
Revolutionary war. 

By Captain Elliott, of the Navy : The example of this day — may it 
prove to the rising generation the value of virtue and patriotism. 

By Mr. George Hay : Our national debt of gratitude for Revolu- 
tionary services — speedy payment. 

By General Cocke : Republican gratitude to public benefactors. 
It will not pass away like the baseless fabric of a vision. 

By Colonel J. P. Preston : A new colony in America from the 
family of La Grange. 

By Judge Cabell : The officers and soldiers of the Revolution. Not 
less gallant than the Greeks who fought at Marathon and Thermopylae, 
at Micale and Platea. 

By Judge Coalter : The soldiers of the American Revolution. I 
would agree to die in a remote ditch to have flourished with them, to 
be a partaker of their glory, and in the eternal gratitude due to them 
from all mankind. 

By J: A. Chevallie: George W. La Fayette— 7a/w Pater, Talis 
Filius. 

By Judge Johnson : The hero who flew across the Atlantic to aid us 
in our struggle for independence, influenced by no interest but that of 
principle, animated by no motive but that of universal philanthropy. 

By Dr. Brockenbrough : The memory of Kosciusko, a gallant soldier 
of the Revolution, who carried back to his native land the holy spirit 
of '76. 

By the Lieutenant Governor: The asserters of human liberty in 
every age and nation — may they, like La Fayette, live to hear the 
success of their exertions resounded in the benedictions of free and 
happy millions. 

By A. L. Botts : The Constitutionalists of Spain — may some kin- 
dred La Fayette, inspired by his example of generous daring, rise in 
the Old World, to blow the breath of liberty into a flame, and fight for 
freedom, for freedom's sake. 



Visit to Virginia. 55 

By R. S. Garnett : Honor to those who supported the first, and to 
those who supported the second, war of our independence. 

By A. Stevenson: The patriots of '76 — Their language was, "We 
have counted the cost of the contest, and we find nothing so insuffer- 
able as voluntary slavery." 

By Judge Green : Long life and happiness to the surviving soldiers 
of the Revolution. 

By Judge Brockenbrough : Bolivar, the Washington of South 
America. 

By Robert Stanard : The sentiments in which all Americans unite, 
without distinction of party — gratitude for services inestimable, be- 
cause without price. 

By John Robertson : The man whose devotion to liberty has well 
merited the frowns of tyrants and the benedictions of a free people. 

By W. S. Archer : The surviving Major-General of the Revolution. 
May he not succeed in escaping us as the boy did Cornwallis. 

By Colonel C. F. Mercer : The benefactor who has twice blessed us 
by deserving and accepting our gratitude. 

By Mr. John Henry : The memory of General Marion. 

By Major Wade Mosby : The memory of Edward Carrington, the 
stern and inflexible friend of liberty, and supporter of his country. 

By D. M. Randolph : The memory of General Thomas Nelson. 
His life and character portray the spirit of 1776. 

By Mr. J. H. Eustace : Our republic, and its generous, noble, and 
worthy guest — perpetual duration to the one, and eternal felicity to the 
other. 

By General Porterfield : France — May the enlightened people of 
beautiful France unite in forming a system of government, constituted 
on the basis of freedom and equality of rights. 

By Mr. Jerman Baker : The Count De Grasse. 

By Captain Thomas Nelson : The memory of Robert Morris, who, 
from his individual purse, supplied the deficiency in the treasury. 

By Colonel William J. Lewis : Stay was us, La Fayette, stay with us. 

By General Johnson, of North Carolina : Virginia and North Caro. 
lina — two sisters that can never be separated. 

By Colonel J. Nicholas : The memory of Washington, who still 
lives in the qualities of La Fayette, and in the hearts and affections of 
ten millions of his children. 

By Major John Mercer, of Maryland : Our beloved guest, not more 
illustrious for his public services, than for his private and domestic 
virtues. 



56 General La Fayette's 

By Colonel Harvie : The navy of the United States, its skill and 
valor equalled only by its generosity and magnanimity. 

By Mr. W. H. Roane : The master-key of the French bastile — We 
prize it because it was a present from La Fayette to Washington. 

By Mr. R. G. Scott: The memory of General Nathaniel Greene — 
His virtues and military efforts in defence of our southern country are 
remembered with the most lively gratitude. 

By Captain Thomas Leigh : General Robert B. Taylor — Let us honor 
the man who is an honor to the state. 

By Mr. Selden : The memory of the gallant French who so mightily 
contributed to establish our independence. 

By Lieutenant Ringgold : The Nation's Guest — He, like the Roman 
Patricians, has taught the despots of Europe that he would not flatter 
Neptune for his trident, nor Jove for his thunder. 

By Dr. Lyons : General La Fayette — The Virginians who owe him 
so much for his services in 1781 are now anxious to pay him, with 
interest. 

By Captain Mountfort : The memory of Patrick Henry. 

By Major Carter Page : The memory of Baron Viomenil, who gal- 
lantly stormed one of the British redoubts at Yorktown. 

By Mr. James Brown : Gratitude — May Republican Virginia fur- 
nish one example to the world that such debts are not paid with mere 
professions. 

By Dr. Monroe : Republican consistency and consistent republican 
liberty — the polar star that guided through the storms of Revolution. 

By Mr. Bacchus: While we exhibit every outward demonstration of 
gratitude to our distinguished guest, let us not forget that he enjoys, 
also, the knowledge that "virtue is its own reward." 

The tributes of respect paid to La Fayette during this entertainment 
were numerous and affecting. Among other circumstances, a bottle 
of Malmsey was placed before him by one of his countrymen, which 
had been made in 1757, the very year in which La Fayette was born. 

The dinner closed at 9 o'clock, when he retired to his room. 

WEDNESDAY, THE 27TH ORDER OF THE DAY. 

The inclemency of the weather, yesterday, having interrupted the 
arrangements which were designed for the reception of General La 
Fayette into this city, the procession (as arranged for yesterday) will 
take place this morning at ii o'clock. 

It will commence at the Eagle Hotel ; the right of the procession 



Visit to Virginia. 57 

will be at the hotel, extending westwardly, and march by E street 
to Fifth ; thence pursuing Fifth street to H ; thence down H to the 
City Hall, where he will be addressed by the Mayor. 

Thence he will be conducted, by the Committee of Arrangements, 
under the La Fayette arch, to the Temple of Independence, where he 
will be addressed by Chief- Justice Marshall, on behalf of the officers 
of the Revolutionary army. Thence to the marquee, where he will 
receive the ladies ; thence under the green arch, to the corner of Ninth 
and H streets, where he will review the troops ; on the conclusion of 
which ceremonies, he will be conducted to his quarters. 

At 7 o'clock in the evening, the marquee will be opened to citizens 
of both sexes, where suitable refreshments will be provided. The 
arches will be illuminated, and, at intervals, fireworks will be exhi- 
bited. No intoxicated or colored person will be permitted to enter 
the Square. 

At the conclusion of the fireworks, General La Fayette has con- 
sented to attend the Theatre. 

At an early hour, the Mayor waited upon the General, at his own 
quarters, and was privately introduced to him in his rooms. 

In pursuance of the previous arrangement, the procession was 
formed in front of the Eagle, between ii and 12 o'clock. The crowd 
collected before the house, was immense. He appeared more than 
once at the window to gratify their curiosity ; but it was when he 
mounted his barouche, that the voice of eager congratulation burst 
from the multitude. The procession marched up E (or Main) street 
until it reached Fifth street, thence down that street into H (or Broad) 
street, thence down that until it reached the City Hall, The crowd 
was very quiet, but the utmost order characterized the whole. Colonel 
Lambert acted as chief marshal of the day, assisted by other gentle- 
men in uniform. The ceremony of a public presentation of the Gen- 
eral to the Mayor, was to take place in the City Hall. The moment 
had arrived for this purpose, and General La Fayette, with his suite 
and the Committee of Arrangements, entered the north door of the 
hall. The gallery was found filled with ladies ; the Mayor alone was 
seated on the bench. The guests being now also arranged upon the 
bench, the doors were thrown open, and the area of the Hall was im- 
mediately filled. On one side of the bench, was placed the portrait 
of Washington, by Warrell, and on the other, the portrait of La Fay- 
ette himself, when a young man, by Peticolas. After a short pause, 
the Mayor, John Adams, Esq., addressed our distinguished guest in 
the following manner : 



68 General La Fayette's 



THE MAYOR S ADDRESS. 

" In approaching General La Fayette, the corporate bodies of the 
city of Richmond salute a fellow citizen of Virginia, and a brother by 
adoption ; one whom we have never ceased to love for his exalted vir- 
tues, to admire for his great military skill and talents, and to venerate 
with overflowing gratitude for the exercise of that skill and those 
talents in defence of the lives and fortunes of our fathers, when as- 
sailed by a devouring enemy — a brother, in whose noble efforts in the 
support of the cause of national liberty in his native country, we 
greatly rejoiced, and in whose general prosperity and happiness we 
have, and shall feel, the most anxious solicitude. 

" By these endearing ties, we welcome the return to our city of our 
friend and benefactor, after an absence of forty years ;'and, by a feeling 
not less connected with our warmest affections, we make him twice 
welcome, as the adopted son and confidential friend of our much-loved 
and illustrious Washington. 

" In the choice of such gratifications as might be most acceptable 
to General La Fayette, or which might do most honor to our own feel- 
ings, we could imagine none more promising of success than the pres- 
ence of his former companions-in-arms, that ' band of brothers ' by 
whose toils, privations, and mighty efforts, the fair fabric of this repub- 
lican government has been reared, and will, we trust, forever stand, on 
the firm basis of virtue, on which it was erected. These veteran 
worthies, regardless of distance, age, and infirmity, have cheerfully 
obeyed the call to meet their much-loved General ; they are assembled, 
and await his coming with the most ardent aff'ection and with the most 
youthful impatience. In obedience to their anxious wishes, we should 
not cause a longer separation ; but, let us detain our guest a moment 
longer, by off"ering the entreaty, in the name of the citizens of Rich- 
mond, whom we have the honor to represent on this august occasion, 
that he will not hasten his departure from our city, and that he will 
honor us with his company as long as may be consistent with his other 
engagements." 

General La Fayette made the following reply : 

"My recollections and feelings, so intimaely connected with the 
State of Virginia and its metropolis, would have sufficed, sir, to render 
this meeting most gratifying to me ; but your kind and flattering recep- 
tion, Mr. Mayor, and the gentlemen of both councils, the affectionate 



Visit to Virginia. 59 

welcome of the citizens, and the wonderful improvements which I 
have witnessed in your city, complete my grateful satisfaction. 
Indeed, sir, my visits to this city have often been eventful moments in 
my life. In the last one, near forty years ago, I lost here our beloved 
military chief, my personal friend, the illustrious son of Virginia. 
Now, you are pleased to announce a meeting with many of my sur- 
viving companions-in-arms ; and while I hasten to follow you, Mr. 
Mayor, to the place of the happy rendezvous, I beg you and the gen- 
tlemen of both councils, to receive my most respectful and devoted 
acknowledgments to the citizens of Richmond and their honored 
representatives." 

A solemn silence reigned throughout the assembly, but the address 
could not be distinctly heard. The Mayor spoke witn great sensibility, 
and the General in a low tone of voice. This ceremony over, the 
General was conducted to the south portico, where many hoary vete- 
rans, and one or two countrymen of his own, shook him by the hand. 

A line was formed, and he wae conducted through the north gate of 
the Capitol Square under the La Fayette arch to the central arch, the 
interior of which bore the inscription of the " Temple of Indepen- 
dence." Here stood an ornamental quadrangular pedestal, on the 
top of which, it was intended to place the marble bust of La Fayette, 
in the Capitol. Around the pedestal were arranged the old officers of 
the Revolutionary army, many distinguished officers of the army and 
navy of the United States, and private citizens. The Chief Justice of 
the United States, John Marshall, stood ready to receive him, and 
addressed him in the following terms : «»^ 



^^ General : The surviving officers of the Revolutionary army, who 
are inhabitants of the State of Virginia, welcome you to her metropolis, 
with feelings which your own heart will best tell you how to estimate. 
We have been the more gratified by the offering of respect and affec- 
tion from a whole people, spontaneously flowing from sincere gratitude 
for inestimable services, and a deep sense of your worth, because we 
believe that, to a mind like yours, they will compensate for the priva- 
tions you sustain, and the hazards and fatigues you have encountered 
in revisiting our country. So long as Americans remember that noble 
struggle which drew you first to their shores, that deep gloom which 
overshadowed their cause when you embraced it, they cannot forget 
the prompt, the generous, the gallant, and the important part you took 
in the conflict. 



60 General La Fayette's 

*' The history of your eventful life attests the sublime motive, which 
enlisted you on the side of a people contending for liberty; but we 
love to believe, that feelings of a softer and more endearing character 
were soon mingled with that exalted principle. We delight to con- 
sider this visit, as furnishing additional evidence that the sentiments we 
felt, and manifested towards you, sunk deep into your heart, and were 
/'greeted by kindred feelings — that as America has always regarded you 
as one of the best and bravest of her sons, so you have never ceased 
to regard her as a second country, ranking in your affections next to 
that which gave you birth. 

" In common with our fellow-citizens throughout the United States, 
we rejoice to see you. With them we review your various and valua- 
ble services to our infant republic, and your unceasing devotion to 
liberty, and find in the retrospect, the same reasons to excite our 
gratitude and esteem, which excited those sentiments in them ; but in 
one part of your life, we claim an interest peculiar to ourselves. We 
look back with mingled gratitude and applause, to the period of our 
Revolutionary war, when the supreme command in Virginia was con- 
ferred on you. We trace your conduct through those trying scenes. 
We recollect the difficulties you encountered, and the dangers which 
threatened us. We remember the skill, the patient fortitude, the per- 
severing courage, with which you conducted us through those difficul- 
ties, and extricated yourself and us from those dangers. 

" At the head of an undisciplined and ill-armed militia, supported 
by only a small band of regulars, you kept the open field in the face 
of a numerous, well-appointed, and high-spirited army, protected our 
scanty magazines, covered a great portion of our country, sustained 
the hopes and confidence of our people, and pressed the rear of the 
hostile army, in its retreat, to the ground on which its expiring effort 
was made. It is your praise, during this arduous and trying conduct 
for Virginia, to have so happily tempered the enterprising courage of 
youth, with the caution and prudence which belongs to riper years, that 
you performed every practicable service without sustaining any serious 
disaster, and preserved your army entire for the great achievement, 
which not only liberated Virginia, but accomplished the independence 
of the United States. 

"The distinguished part you bore in the last and glorious scene, is 
indellibly impressed in the memory of all Virginians. In the bosoms 
of none is it more deeply engraved than in those of the men who 
stand before you. Some of us served under you in that memorable 
campaign ; many in the course of the war. While duty required obe- 



Visit to Virginia. 61 

dience, your conduct inspired confidence and love. Time, which has 
thinned our ranks, and enfeebled our bodies, has not impaired these 
feelings. They retain their original vigor. These expressions flow 
from hearts replete with sentiments of affection for your person, esteem 
for your character, and gratitude for your services. They will con- 
tinue to animate us long after we part with you ; we are unwilling to 
add, forever. Under their influence, we supplicate the Supreme 
Author of all good, to extend to you his protection, and to make the 
evening of your life as serene, tranquil, and happy, as its morning was 
glorious. ' ' 



-J 



THE GENERAL, WITH MUCH SENSIBILITY, DELIVERED THE FOLLOWING 

REPLY : 

" Afy Dear Companio7is-in-Arnis : I had anticipated the pleasure to 
meet many of you in this metropolis of Virginia, and I enjoy it with 
delight. You know that the fine, gallant Virginia line was my first 
command in the army. Virginia Continentals, riflemen, volunteer 
corps, and militia, all of them, at the several periods ot the Revolu- 
tionary war, have laid me under great obligations. The honors I now 
receive, I have not had the vanity to monopolize to myself; they are 
a testimony adhesive to the principle for which we have fought, and of 
public remembrance for our common services ; the dearer and more hon- 
orable they seem to me, when I share them with you. 

" Amidst the flattering circumstances of my reception, I much value 
the honor I have to be addressed in the name of our comrades by you, 
my dear sir ; and in the Chief Justice of the United States, the elo- 
quent historian of the Revolution, and of its matchless military chief, 
to recognize a brother officer in more arduous times, and a personal 
friend." 

Congratulations between La Fayette and the officers were then 
exchanged through the whole circle, and he was conducted to the 
marquee, to be introduced to the ladies. 

The scene which now ensued, to the moment of his departure from 
the. Square, it is impossible for us to describe. Hundreds of ladies 
flocked around him in the ^narqiiee to enjoy the satisfaction of grasp- 
ing his hand. The same enthusiasm pervaded the whole of the long 
and dense line of citizens of both sexes, which was formed from the 
marquee to the western gate. Each one pressed forward, anxious to 
grasp his hand, and some time elapsed before he was able to reach the 
gate. The scene at this time on the Square, baffles all powers of 



62 General La Fayette's 

description. "It thronged with a living multitude." The numbers 
defy all estimate. We must content ourselves with saying, that they 
exceeded all previous anticipations, and that their enthusiasm was as 
extraordinary as their numbers. At the western gate, the General and 
suite mounted their carriages and proceeded to H street, where, in the 
porch of Mr. James Lyons's house, he reviewed the passing troops. 
At the close of this scene, he was escorted to his quarters, where the 
volunteers passed him twice, marching down and up the street. La 
Fayette, standing at the window, was saluted by the officers of the 
companies and the huzzas of the assembled citizens. 

He dined at the Governor's, in company with many of the Revolu- 
tionary officers and other citizens. He did not arrive on the Square 
until near 9 o'clock. A considerable multitude had assembled to see 
him, as well as to witness the illumination of the obelisks and the 
pedestal, the fireworks, &c., and to partake of the refreshments, which 
were distributed among all, without exception. About g o'clock, the 
General visited the Theatre. The house received him with thunders 
of applause, and when the whole company came out to sing " Auld 
Lang Syne," with new verses, sung to the honor of La Fayette, the 
applause was " loud and long," and many an eye was filled with tears. 

THURSDAY, 28TH ORDER OF THE DAY. 

This morning, at lo o'clock, General La Fayette will receive, under 
tlie marquee^ the pupils of the Sabbath-schools of the city, after which 
he will visit the City Hall, for the purpose of being presented to the 
pupils of Mr. and Mrs. Turner's school. At i o'clock, he will attend 
the race, and will dine with the Jockey Club. 

The people are never tired of paying their respects. Yesterday, his 
levee-room was thronged with ladies and gentlemen, anxious for the 
honor of an introduction. Between lo and ii o'clock, he was con- 
ducted to the City Hall in his barouche, accompanied by the Mayor, 
General Porterfield, and one of the Committee of Arrangements. The 
scene at the hall was select, and adapted to his taste. He attended to 
receive the welcome of Mr. and Mrs. Turner, and the female pupils of 
their schools. Upon a green ground, were formed by roses and ever- 
greens, the words, " Virginia's Daughters Welcome Thee." Two ad- 
dresses were delivered by two little girls of the Harmony Hall 
school, and three poetical effVisions were sung by several female pupils, 
accompanied by m\; ;ic on the piano. The General expressed himself 
highly gratified by the entertainment. It was truly a scene calculated 



Visit to Virginia. 63 

to give him the purest pleasure. After the exhibition, he was intro- 
duced to a number of ladies and gentlemen. 

The same opportunity was used for presenting him the certificate of 
his being created a member of the Virginia Bible Society for life. The 
privilege was purchased for him by the voluntary contributions of the 
pupils of the Harmony Hall school. The Rev. Mr. Turner made a 
suitable address, on presenting him with the credentials of his crea- 
tion ; to which the General returned a most appropriate reply. 

In the conclusion of his address, Mr. Turner asked, in the name of 
his pupils, for the blessings of La Fayette, to which the General re- 
plied, that if his paternal benedictions could be of any benefit to the 
pupils, he gave it freely — he gave it with all his heart. 

From the hall he was conducted to the marquee, on the Square, 
where a most beautiful scene was prepared for his entertainment. The 
male and female pupils of our Sabbath-schools were arranged in the 
long line of the marquee, accompanied by their teachers, and sur- 
rounded by gentlemen and ladies, several files deep. 

The whole area within, was left open. No one attempted to break 
in upon the line, and a refreshing carpet of green turf added novelty 
and beauty to the effect. There was a large multitude all around, but 
every element of disorder appeared to be stilled. The most respectful 
silence reigned through the large assembly. He was addressed, in 
prose and verse, by a little girl and two boys, to each of whom the 
General tendered his kind acknowledgments. He was led along both 
sides of the open space, receiving various introductions, until his 
numerous engagements at his quarters hurried him from the scene. 

He was introduced to various gentlemen at his quarters, until it was 
time for him to comply with his engagements with the Jockey Club, 
and to visit the race-field. General La Fayette attended the Jockey 
Club race at i o'clock. The race was a very fine one — for a thousand 
dollars — between Johnson's "Jeannette," Winn's "Marion," and 
Long's " Flirtilla" — three heats. Jeannette won the two last, and 
immediately after, in compliment to our distinguished guest, the name 
of the successful mare was changed to that of " Virginia De La Fay- 
ette." The General occupied the judges' stand during the race, and 
expressed great pleasure and satisfaction at the exhibition. There were 
a large number of ladies present, who occupied seats especially arranged 
for them. A young lady, Miss Eliza Roane, the sister of William H. 
Roane (afterward United States senator), who was a pet of Mr. Che- 
vallie, asked him if the General would bet a pair of gloves with her 
on the race. Mr. Chevallie made known to the General the lady's 



64 General La Fayette's 

request, and he replied that he would not only bet with her, but would 
allow her to select her horse. She won ; and the General, after the 
race, presented to her, in his most gracious manner, a pair of beautiful 
kids. (Those gloves, in a state of good preservation, are now in the 
possession of the lady's nephew, Colonel F. G. Ruffin.) 

After the race was over, the General and a large number of gentle- 
men partook of a splendid and sumptuous dinner, prepared by Mr. 
James Selden, the proprietor, aiid given by the Jockey Club in honor 
of La Fayette. Mr. Theophilus Field, president of the club, pre- 
sided. 

Among the toasts which were offered and drank, the following one, 
by General La Fayette, was received with rapturous applause — viz : 
" May all the nations enter the course of freedom. We Americans 
have won the fiist race ; but the noble prize is left to every one of the 
competitors." Other toasts were given by Messrs. T. Field, G. W. 
La Fayette, John C. Calhoun, Chief-Ju5tice Marshall, Colonel W. J. 
Lewis, W. H. Roane, Robert Douthat, T. Gwathmey, Robert G. 
Scott, Colonel McLane, Wade Mosby, Jr., R. R. Johnson, of North 
Carolina; Colonel John Nicholas, Dr. M. Page, C. H. Harrison, J. 
G. Mosby, and others. 

The club adjourned at a very early hour, in order that the General 
might be prepared to attend the ball at the Eagle Hotel. 

The managers at this ball, who issued the invitations, were : John 
Marshall, Robert Pollard, James Gibbon, John Brockenbrough, Wil- 
liam H. Cabell, B. W. Leigh, John Robertson, Philip N. Nicholas, 
Thomas Ritchie, Peter V. Daniel, Andrew Stevenson, Jaquelin B. 
Harvie, Robert G. Scott, Bernard Peyton, William Lambert, Temple 
Gwathmey, Thomas N. Page, John G. Williams, Thomas Green, 
Wyndham Robertson, and James Lyons. 

The whole inner area of the Eagle Hotel was floored, and canopied with 
canvass. The spaces between the pillars were ornamented with fes- 
toons of evergreens and flowers. General La Fayette was introduced 
about 8 o'clock. The whole scene teemed with festivity and joy. 

The effect surpassed everything which we could have anticipated. 
At least 1,500 ladies and gentlemen were on the floor, and about two 
or three hundred in the galleries. It was a scene of ease, gayety, and 
delight. No words can give a description of the ample, beautiful 
room, or the animated crowd which filled it. 



Visit to Virginia. 65 



THE SABBATH-SCHOOLS OF RICHMOND UNITE IN DOING HONOR TO 

LA FAYETTE. 

On Thursday, 28th October, a procession was formed of the superin- 
tendents, teachers, and pupils of the Sabbath-schools, in this city, for 
the purpose of welcoming General La Fayette, in the marquee, on the 
Public Square. The display of so many children, with their instruc- 
tors, all neatly dressed, was a beautiful and interesting spectacle. 
About five hundred boys and girls attended, consisting of the scholars 
of the two schools, kept at the First and Second Baptist churches, and 
of five schools belonging to the Richmond Sunday-School Union So- 
ciety, conducted by tutors of the Presbyterian and Methodist denomi- 
nations. The procession commenced at the Valley Market-house, 
proceeded, in handsome style, to E street, thence to Thirteenth street, 
and the enclosure of the Square to the front of the City Court-house, 
and then entered the Square by the northern gate, passed under the 
Fayette arch and Temple of Independence, to the marquee, where the 
General was received by the delighted multitude. James Dove, a lit- 
tle boy about eight years of age, then mounted a table, and delivered, 
with perfect correctness, and remarkable animation, the following 
address : 

^^ General La Fayette : The superintendents, teachers, and pupils of 
the Sunday-schools of the city of Richmond, here assembled, partici- 
pate cordially in the joy, unanimously felt by their fellow-citizens, in 
seeing you among them. We regard you as one of the political 
fathers of our country ; as a pure and zealous patriot ; a disinterested 
and ardent philanthropist ; a firm and consistent friend of freedom — 
in a word, as a man, in private and in public life, endowed with every 
virtue. Our hearts are filled, therefore, in your presence, with senti- 
ments of love and veneration, which words are altogether incapable of 
expressing. 

" We rejoice in the hope that the free and powerful people, whom 
your youthful valor assisted, in their successful struggle against 
tyranny and oppression, will perpetuate the blessings they enjoy, by 
imitating your example of inflexible integrity and godlike beneficence. 
Then, indeed, will our country become the pride of all lands — a glory 
and a blessing to herself, and to other nations. We indulge in de- 
lightfully anticipating the speedy establishment of well-regulated 
republican government throughout the world. The sacred fire of lib- 
erty, kindled in America, has been darkened, for a time, by the 



66 General La Fayette's 

machinations of despots and the folly of anarchists ; but we trust it 
will soon shine through the clouds which now obscure it, and illumi- 
nate all nations with its cheering, invigorating, and purifying radiance. 

" We salute you by the additional endearing titles of the friend 
and associate of Washington, and servant of the God whom we 
adore— the Saviour in whom we trust — and most affectionately do we 
solicit his mercy, that tlie close of your eventful life may be as happy 
as its progress hitherto has been glorious ; and that, after death, you 
may receive from him, who alone can bestow it, the inestimable re- 
ward of everlasting felicity." 

Susan Norris, a small girl, recited, also in a manner which entitles 
her to considerable praise, the following verses : 

" We, happy pupils of the Sabbath-schools, 
Instructed here, in virtue's golden rules. 
Who, I'rom the wisdom of the Scriptures, learn 
The truly great and glorious to discern ; 
Young as we are, yet warmed with rapture, see, 
The faithful friend of man and liberty 
We heard delighted, and can never forget 
The tale our fathers told, of brave Fayette. 
In bloom of youth, the generous hero came. 
Inspired by Freedom's animating flame ; 
Across the deep, from foreign, distant lands. 
He came, to break a tyrant's cruel bands — 
To help our country, in lier sore distress, 
He left behind him, home and liapjuness. 
Gay courts and kings attempted, but in vain. 
His youthful mind, by pleasure, to retain ; 
A fond, a lovely wife — an infant child — 
In vain, to keep him, wept, or sweetly smiled. 
Kind as he was, he left them far away. 
And sought the perils of the bloody fray ; 
In toilsome field of war, lie fouglit and bled ; 
To us, he gave his wealth — for us, his blood was shed. 
Till, bravely, Britain's veteran hosts he quell'd. 
And dire oppression, from our land expell'd. 
Then, let our hearts with joy expand, that here. 
The man we love, the Father we revere. 
Among his children we behold to-day. 
Tho' age would sprinkle now his head with gray. 
The flower of Virtue never can decay — 
Immortal in renown and bliss, will be 
The faithful friend of man and liberty." 



Visit to Virginia. 



67 



The General, with his usual condescending goodness, expressed 
much pleasure, and returned his thanks for the praise bestowed upon 
him in both addresses. He cordially embraced the little speakers, and 
they affectionately kissed his hand. 

An address was then delivered, on behalf of the Richmond Junior 
Debating Society, by a youth, whose name is Madison Street. His 
delivery was truly excellent, the full flow of feeling being well 
expressed, yet controlled and regulated by sound judgment. The ad- 
dress was a warmly affectionate and elegant tribute to the extraordi- 
nary merit of the man to whom it was delivered, especially as the 
glorious defender of Virginia in the campaign of 1781. 

The General returned an answer, evincing the gratification he felt, 
and pronouncing a well-merited eulogium upon the youthful orator. 

He was then conducted around the marquee, by the Mayor of the 
city and several of the Committee of Arrangements, was saluted by 
the teachers and pupils, and others who crowded with ardent desire to 
touch his hand, and then withdrew. The scene was, altogether, highly 
impressive and well conducted. 

list of bevolutionary officers present on the occasion of the 
general's visit. 



Age. 

Captain Francis Smith 83 

Captain William J. Stevens 73 

Captain Kobert Porterfield .72 

First Lieut. John Smith 73 

First Lieut. John L. Cray 70 

Captain John Morton 68 

Captain John Nicholas 68 

Captain Carter Page 68 

Wade Mosby... 63 

Captain Edward Eggleston 64 

First Lieut. Francis Brooke 60 

Captain Daniel Verser 69 

Captain Charles Woodson 63 

Lieut. E.. A.Saunders 67 

Lieut. Philip Holcomb 61 

James Doswell 63 

Lieut.-Colonel Samuel Tinsley 64 

John Trabne 62 

Eichard Thompson 81 



Agt. 

Captain Gabriel Long 73 

Captain Charles Cameron 72 

Captain Thomas Price 71 

Captain Samuel Carter 70 

Captain John Marshall 69 

Captain William Evans 68 

Churchill Gibbs 68 

D. M. Randolph 63 

William Broadus 63 

Ensign Clem. Carrington 64 

James Lyons, private 60 

Chas. Bee 67 

Captain William Price ...67 

M. J. Eggleston 61 

Robert Pollard 61 

Major Allen McLane 78 

Captain Philip Slaughter.. 66 

Major John Nelson 71 

John Kelly 66 



J 



MASONIC DINNER. 



A Masonic dinner was given to General La Fayette, in Richmond, 
at which the Right Worshipful Chief-Justice Marshall, P. G. M., 



^ 



t 



68 General La Fayette's 

presided, on Saturday, October 30th, 1824. The General, his son, 
and his secretary, Le Vasseur, were received in the lodge with cere- 
monies and testimonials of respect and affection of the most impres- 
sive character. 

Dr. James Henderson, of Manchester, addressed him, on behalf of 
the Masons, in an appropriate speech ; to which the General made an 
appropriate reply. A magnificent dinner was given him at the Union 
Hotel, at which the following toasts were drank : 

TOASTS GIVEN AT THE MASONIC DINNER. 

1. To the memory of our beloved brother, George Washington. 

2. Our Illustrious Brother and Guest — Honored by the nation for 
his public services, beloved by his brethren for his private virtues. 

To this toast, our brother, General La Fayette, made a handsome 
and suitable reply. 

3. Our Brethren of the Revolutionary Army — absent and present. 
Their work is done ; for their wages, we offer them our affection and 
gratitude. 

For this toast. General La Fayette, as one of the oldest Revolu- 
tionary officers left, made a short and handsome acknowledgment, in 
behalf of the heroes alluded to, and gave the following toast : 

Liberty, Equality, Philanthropy — The true Masonic trio ; may its 
harmony, in every instance, charm the ear of our friends, and coun- 
teract the malignity of our enemies. 

VOLUNTEER TOASTS. 

By Brother William H. Fitzwhylsonn : Our Amiable Sisters at La 
Grange — We should delight to welcome them as neighbors. 

By Brother John Dove, M. D. : The efforts of despots to check the 
march of Masonry — Canst thou bind the.sweet influence of the Pleaides, 
or loose the bands of Orion ? 

By the Rev. Brother Hurt : Brother Le Vasseur — The bosom friend 
of La Fayette must be the friend of every American. 

By Brother Robert G. Scott : The charity that is prompted by no 
motive but to relieve distress — The love that embraces the whole 
human family. 

By Brother Samuel Myers: The memory of the Right Worshipful 
Brother Benjamin Franklin, the First Grand Master of the State of 
Pennsylvania — His speedy attachment to virtue and freedom, evinced 
his devotion to the principles of Masonry. 



Visit to Virginia. 69 

By Brother J. Henderson, M. D. : The precious jewel that was lost 
and lay buried in a dungeon, but afterwards shone forth with redoubled 
lustre. 

By Brother John J. Johnson : Our reverend Brother and fellow- 
citizen, Major James Gibbon, the hero of Stony Point. 

By Brother J. Mordecai : Our distinguished Brother, La Fayette, 
a Doric pillar of American Independence — May the evening of his 
eventful life be as tranquil as its noon has been splendid and its 
meridian glorious. 

By Brother George Cabell, M. D. : Our distinguished Brother and 
Guest — His second coming is to partake of the blessings his first pro- 
cured us. 

By Brother Peter F. Smith : The memory of the gallant French 
officers and soldiers who fell in the war of our Independence — Their 
reward is the gratitude of millions of freemen, and, we trust, a joyous 
membership in the Grand Lodge above. 

By Brother R. Adams : George Washington La Fayette, who, like 
his father, sacrificed all to public duty. 

By Brother B. F. Owen : General La Fayette and his associates in 
the American Revolution — the wisdom, strength, and beauty of our 
country. 

By Brother Forbes: The spirit and rule of our order — may they 
pervade every polity, attended by the just and effective recognition of 
what the level, the plumet, the square, and the compass, indicate to 
the enlightened. 

By Brother S. Jacobs : The toast of our distinguished guest and re- 
vered brother. Upon the " Question of Masonry : Noes — Francis, of 
Austria, and Ferdinand, of Spain. Ayes — Washington and Frank- 
lin." Add to the ayes the illustrious name and deeds of La Fayette, 
and the congregated tyrants and potentates of Europe would weigh as 
a feather in the balance. 

By Brother S. Colton : Masonry, breathing a spirit of good will to 
all mankind, has been cherished and supported by the wise, great, and 
good in all nations and ages ; and who can doubt it, since our beloved 
brother, La Fayette, is with us? 

By Brother John M. Botts : Where La Fayette dwells, there is the 
country for freemen. 

By Brother McNemara : Religion, Morality, and Masonry — they go 
hand-in-hand. 

By Brother R. J. Smith : La Grange, for the garden of Virginia — 
exchange, no robbery. 



70 General La Fayette's 

By Brother H. Gibson : The daughters of La Grange — may they 
become the mothers of American heroes. 

By Brother W. A. Patterson : That matchless stone, the moral dia- 
mond — the consistency of virtue that monarchs could not bribe and 
faction could not awe. 

By Brother G. A. Myers :• The genius of Masonry — While she en- 
rols such names as Washington and La Fayette, where is he who 
would not be proud to call himself a brother? 

During the repast songs were sung. The following one, written ex- 
pressly for the occasion by Mrs. H., was sung by Brother B. L. W., 
to the air of " Scott's Wha' Ha : " 

" Friends who have with Fayette bled, 
Friends by Fayette often led, 
On to Honor's gory bed, 

And to victory. 
Now's the day and now's the hour, 
See prepared the festive board, 
See approach fair Freedom's hour, 

Glorious chivalry. 
Who, for Freedom's life and law. 
Freedom's sword did boldly draw, 
And vowed to stand, — or greatly fa' ? 

Generous La Fayette ! 
Who hut feels his bosom bound? 
Who l)ut clieers the joyous sound? 
Who, but in his brea.st is found? 

Welcome, La Fayette. 
By oppressions, woes, and pains, 
By our sons he saved from chains, 
By the blood that fills our veins, 

May we ne'er forget. 
Who laid the proud usurper low ? 
Who conquer'd our oppi'essive foe? 
Who struck the last decisive blow? 

Noble La Fayette ! " 

At about half-past 8 o'clock, Brother Coalter, judge of the Court 
of Appeals, announced to the brethren, that as the General had an 
engagement for the evening, he would propose the following toast : 
"Good-night; and joy go with him." After which the procession 
was formed, and the brethren conducted him to his quarters. 

DESCRIPTION OF THE ARCHES, OBELISKS, &C., ON THE CAPITOL SQUARE. 

The Capitol Square is ornamented by seven arches — viz. ; One at 



Visit to Virginia. 71 

the entrance near the Washington Tavern (now St. Claire Hotel), one 
at the entrance to the Governor's House, one at the grand entrance 
near the City Hall, and four at the base of the triangle formed by the 
other three. These four are of the Gothic order, in juxtaposition to 
the Capitol, and reciprocally support each other. Each of these 
arches is dedicated to a Revolutionary worthy, and the following 
description will serve to explain to the curious the objects and allusions 
of each: 

THE GOTHIC ARCH FRONTING I HE CITY HALL. 

(a) Hamilton. 
(/5) Lincoln. (c) Knox. 

(d') Washington. 
(e) Rochambeau. (/) De Grasse. 

(a) Colonel Alexander Hamilton was Washington's principal aid-de-camp 
during the war, one of the authors of the " Federalist," a distinguished lawyer in 
New York, a distinguished statesman ; was present at Yorktown in 1781 ; killed 
in a duel by Aaron Burr on the 12th of July, 1804, and was born in the Island of 
Nevis, British West India, on the 11th of January, 1757. 

(6) Major-General Benjamin Lincoln was born on 3d of January, 1733, and 
died on the 9th of May, 1810. He lived with his wife tifty-five years. He was 
temperate and religious ; he never uttered a profane word. Nineteenth of Feb- 
ruary, 1777, appointed by Congress a Major-General in the Continental army ; 
was at Yorktown, and was deputed by Washington to receive Cornwallis's sword 
at his surrender ; was appointed to the chief command at the South in Septem- 
ber, 1778 ; afterwards he was Secretary of War, and Governor of Massachusetts. 

(c) Major-General Henry Knox, another distinguished officer of the Eevolu- 
tion, was born in Boston in 1750, and died in 1806 ; aged 56 years. He was under 
the immediate command of Washington throughout the war, and fought with 
him in all his battles. In 1785, he was appointed Secretary of War, which posi- 
tion he held for eleven years; was the founder of the Society of the Cincinnati. 

{d) Washington, the commander-in-chief and the first President of the United 
States — "First in War, first in Peace, and first in the hearts of his Countrymen." 

(e) Jean Baptiste Donatien De Vimeur, the Count de Kochambeau, was born 
at Vendome, in 1725. He came to America, in 1780, with a strong force. After 
assisting in the capture of Cornwallis, at Yorktown, and remaining several months 
in America, he returned to France, and was raised to the rank of Field Marshal 
by Louis XVI. In 1803, BonajDarte granted him a pension and the Cross of 
Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor. He died in 1807, at the age of 82. 

{ / ) Francois Joseph Paul, Count De Grasse, a native of France, was born in 
1723. At Yorktown he played a very important part. Died in 1788, at the age- 
of 65. His domestic relations were unhappy. Washington, in a letter to Eoch- 
ambeau, in 1788, on hearing of his death, said: "His frailties should now be 
buried in the grave with him, while his name will long be deservedly dear to 
this country, on account of his successful co-operation in the glorious campaign of 
1781. The Cincinnati, in some of the states, have gone into mourning for him." 



72 General La Fayette's 



GOTHIC ARCH FRONTING THE GOVERNOR'S HOUSE. 

Stony Point. 
(i) Fleury. (2) Posey. 

(3) Wayne. 
(4) Clarke. (5) Hand. 

(1) Colonel D. De Fleury came to America from France early in the Revolu- 
tion. Washington received him kindly, obtained for him a commission, and he 
proved to be a brave and worthy soldier. Educated as an engineer, his talents 
were useful. In that capacity he was acting at the engagement at Fort Mifflin, on 
the Delaware. He was at the battle of Brandywine, and for his gallantry there. 
Congress gave him a horse. He was also present at Stony Point, and for his gal- 
lant conduct there. Congress presented him with a silver medal, on which was the 
following inscription: "A memorial and reward of valor and daring. The 
American Republic has bestowed this medal on Colonel D. De Fleury, a native of 
France, the first over the vvalls of the enemy." 

(2) Major Posey entered the British fort at Stony Point along with Colonel 
Fleury, and was the first to give the watchword, "The fort's our own." 

(3) General Anthony Wayne is the hero of Stony Point. He was born in 
Chester county, Pennsylvania, on the 1st of January, 1745. He was with Wash- 
ington at Brandywine, frermantown, and Monmouth, in all of which engage- 
ments he was distinguished for his valor. The capture of Stony Point increa.sed 
his reputation as a soldier. The position of this fortress was such that it seemed 
almost impregnable. Situated upon a liigh, rocky blufl", an island at high water, 
and almost inaccessible dry-shod, except across a narrow causeway in the rear, it 
was strongly defended by outworks and a double row of abatis. Upon three sides 
of the rock were the waters of the Hudson, and on the fourth was a mora.ss, deep 
and dangerous. He stormed the fort and captured it. It is stated that while 
Wayne was talking to Washington upon the subject of this expedition, he said - 
" (ieneral, I'll storm hell, if you will only plan it." He was at the battle of 
Yorktown, and died in December, 1796, aged 51 years. He was called Mad 
Anthony Wayne. 

(4) Colonel George Rogers Clarke was borne in Albemarle county, Virginia, on 
the 19th November, 1752, and died in Louisville, Kentucky, in February, 1818, 
aged 66. In 1778, he led a regular expedition against the frontier posts of the 
enemy in the wilderness. He first went to Kentucky in 1772, when he paddled 
down the Ohio river in a canoe. His mind was clear and comprehensive; his 
personal courage of the truest stamp ; his energies, physical and mental, always 
vigorous, and he soon became an oracle among the backwoodsmen. 

(5) General Edward Hand, a native of Ireland, was born in 1744, and died in 
1803. He maintained, throughout the war, the unlimited confidence and respect 
of his superior officer. Washington esteemed him so highly that he ap))ointed 
him Adjutant-General. 



Visit to Virginia. 73 



THE GOTHIC ARCH FRONTING THE CAPITOL. 

(i) Montgomery. 

(2) De Kalb. (3) Porterfield. 

(4) Mercer. 

(5) Warren. (6) Davidson. 

(1) General Kichard Montgomery, an Irishman, born in 1737, was with Wolfe at 
the storming of Quebec, in 1 759, and was killed while storming that city again, 
on the 31st December, 1775. 

(2) Major-General Baron De Kalb was born in Alsace, came to America with La 
Fayette, was a gallant officer, and fell at Camden, S. C, in August, 1 780, pierced 
through with eleven wounds. General La Fayette, in 1825, laid the corner-stone 
of a monument to his memory at that place. Congress, in 1855, granted sixty- 
six thousand dollars to his heirs. 

(3) Lieutenant-Colonel Porterfield, of the Virginia Continental line, was killed 
at Camden. 

(4) General Hugh Mercer was a physician at Fredericksburg, Va., entered the 
army and was killed at the battle of Princeton, January 3d, 1777, at the age of 
56 years, and -vVas buried in Philadelphia. His son, Colonel Hugh Mercer, who 
long survived him, was educated at the expense of the Government, by special act 
of Congress. 

(5) General Joseph Warren, a patriot at the beginning of the Revolution, was 
born at Roxbury, Mass., in 1740, and was killed at the battle of Bunker's Hill, June 
17th, 1775. Three weeks afterwards, wrote the wife of John Adams : " Not all 
the havoc and devastation they have made has wounded me like the death of 
Warren. We want him in the Senate ; we want him in his profession ; we want 
him in the field. We mourn for the citizen, the senator, the physician, and the 
warrior." 

(6) General William Davidson, born in 1746, was attached to General Greene's 
army, in North Carolina, and in the action at Chad's Ford, February, 1781, he was 
shot through the breast, and fell dead on the field. 



10 



74 General La Fayette's 



GOTHIC ARCH FRONTING WASHINGTON TAVERN. 

(i) Starke. 
(2) Pickens. (3) Campbell. 

(4) Morgan. 
(5) Butler. (6) Heth. 

(1) Major-General John Starke was born at Londonderry, New Plamp- 
shire, August 28th, 1728. He fought at Bunker's Hill, Lexington, Saratoga, and 
at various other battles. At the battle of Bennington, in August, 1777, the 
heights were wreathed in the smoke of the cannon and musketry, and along the 
slopes and upon the plains, the enemy were forming into battle order. It was at 
this moment that Stark made his well-known speech to his men, " See there, 
men ; there are the red-coats ! Before night they are ours, or Molly Stark will be 
a widow." The battle lasted, says Stark, "two hours, and was the hottest I ever 
saw. It was like one continued clap of thunder." General Stark died on the 
8th of May, 1822, at the age of 93, and was buried near the Merrimac, at Man- 
chester, N. H. 

(2) Andrew Pickens, Major-General of South Carolina militia, was born in 
Pennsylvania on the 19th of September, 1739; removed to South Carolina in 1752. 
He died at his seat, in Pendleton district, S. C, the scene of his earliest battles, 
on the 17th of August, 1817, at the age of 78. In 1765, he married Kebecca Cal- 
houn, the aunt of John C. Calhoun, and one of the most beautiful women of the 
South. "Rebecca Calhoun's wedding" was an epoch in the social history of the 
district in which she resided, and the old ladies used it as a point to reckon from. 

(3) Brigadier-General William Campbell was a native of Augusta county, Va. 
At the battles of King's jVIountain and Guilford, he greatly distinguished him- 
self. La Fayette gave him the command of a brigade of riflemen and light in- 
fantry, but he fell sick a few weeks before the siege of Yorktown, and died at the 
early age of 3G. In the battle of King's Mountain, he rode down two horses, and 
at one time was seen on foot, with his coat off, and his shirt-collar open, fighting 
at the head of his men. His military career was short, but brilliant, and bravery 
marked all his movements. 

(4) Major-General Daniel Morgan Avas born in New Jersey, in 1737, but at an 
early age removed to Virginia. He was a private soldier under Braddock, in 
1755, and after his defeat, returned to his occupation of a farmer and wagoner. 
He distinguished himself under Arnold at the siege of Quebec. He was then 
appointed to the command of the Eleventh Virginia regiment, in which was in- 
corporated his rifle corps. The original flag of this corps is in the museum at 
Alexandria, Va. Congress voted him a gold medal for his victory at the Cow- 
pens. Afterwards, he was a member of Congress. He died at Winchester, Va., 
on the 6th of July, 1802, in the 67th year of his age. Patriotism and valor were 
the prominent features of his character, and the honorable services he rendered 
to his country during the Revolutionary war, crowned him with glory, and will 
remain, in the hearts of his countrymen, a perpetual monument to his memory. 

(5) Lieutenant-Colonel Butler, Morgan's second in command at Saratoga. 

(6) Colonel AVilliam Heth, Morgan's lieutenant at Quebec, was rapidly pro- 
moted and distinguished at the battle of Brandvwine. 

The interior of the four-fronted arch bears aloft beautiful inscriptii)ns, printed 
on white satin. Inside of one arch the inscription is, "The Temple of Indepen- 
dence, Consecrated with the Blood of Heroes to Washington." Inside of another 
arch the inscription consecrates it "To La Fayette ;" on a third, to "Liberty ; " 
and the fourth, to " Virtue." 



Visit to Virginia. 75 



ARCH NEAR THE CITY HALL. 

(i) Kosciusko. 
(2) Schuyler. (3) Huger. 

(4) La Fayette. 

(5) Steuben. (6) Du Portail. 

(1) Thaddeus Kosciusko was born in Litliuania in 1736, was educated at the mili- 
tary school at Warsaw, and afterwards at Paris. There he became acquainted with 
Dr. Franklin, who recommended him to Washington. He came to America, and 
Wasliington made him his aid. He was greatly esteemed by the American officers. 
After the war, he returned to Poland, where, in 1794, a new Revolution broke out 
and he was made generalissimo, but was soon defeated by the Russians, taken to 
prison in St. Petersburg, and kept confined there until the death of the Empress, 
Catherine, but was liberated by her successor, Paul, who loaded liim with honors, 
offered him a command in the Russian service, and presented him with his own 
sword, which he declined, saying, " I no longer need a sword, since I have no 
longer a country to defend." Kosciusko died in Switzerland on tlie 16th of Octo- 
ber, 1817. 

(2) Major-General Philip Schuyler was born at Albany, November 22d, 1733. 
He fought against the French and Indians in 1755. He was a delegate to the 
Continental Congress in May, 1775, and was elected one of the Major-Cleuerals of 
the American army. He was a member of the old Congress under the Confed- 
eration, and after the adoption of the constitution, he was a senator from New 
York in Congress. He died at Albany, November, 1804, aged 71 years. 

(3) Major Benjamin Huger, of South Carolina, who received General La Fay- 
ette on his arrival in America, in 1777, was killed at the battle of Charleston, in 
1779. His son, Francis K. Huger, afterwards made a romantic attempt to effect 
General La Fayette's escape from the prison of Olmutz. 

(4) The Marquis, Gilbert Mottier De La Fayette, was born on the 6th of Sep- 
tember, 1757. He joined the Revolutionary army in 1777, was the bosom-friend 
of Washington, who appointed him to the chief command in Virginia, where he 
did good service, and distinguished himself at Yorktown. In 1824, he revisited 
the United States, and the people all over the country gave him the most enthu- 
siastic receptions wherever he went, showing that they appreciated his services, 
and were grateful for his devotion to the cause of American independence. Sec- 
ond to Washington, no officer of the Revolution is remembered even now by the 
people of the United States, with more gratitude and affection, than is LaFay- 
ette. He will ever live in their hearts. General La Fayette died in 1 834, at the 
age of 77 years. His remains rest in the cemetery at Pigpers, a private burial- 
ground of some of the nobility of Paris. 

(5) Frederick William Augustus, Baron De Steuben, was a Prussian, and aid- 
de-camp of Frederick the Great, and came to America to fight in our war as a 
volunteer. He joined the Continental army at Valley Forge, and acted as a vol- 
unteer on the field of Monmouth, and finally commanded in the trenches at the 



76 ' Visit to Virginia. 

ARCH AT THE GOVERNOR'S HOUSE. 

(i) Rutledge. 
(2) Trumbull. (3) Livingstone, 

(4) Nelson. 
(5) Clinton. (6) Read. 



battle of Yorktown, in Virginia. Aftei* the war, New Jei-sey gave him a farm, 
New York presented him with 16,000 acres of wild land in Oneida county, and 
the general government gave him a pension of $2,500. He built himself a log 
house at Steuben ville, New York, and died there on the 28th of November, 1795, 
aged 64 years. Baron Steuben was a man of excellent character, kind, cheerful, 
generous, and possessed of a ready wit. At Yorktown, a shell fell near liim. To 
avoid its eflects, lie leaped into a trencli, followed by General AVayne, who fell 
upon him. The Baron, on perceiving that it wa.s his Brigadier, said, " 1 always 
knew you were a brave general, but I did not know you were so perfect in every 
point of duty ; you cover your General's retreat in tlie best manner possible." 
On one occasion he was introduced to a Miss Sheaf. " I am very happy," said 
he, " in the honor of being presented to you. Mademoiselle, though I see it is at 
an infinite risk ; I have from my youth been cautioned to guard myself against 
mischief, but I had no idea that her attractions were so powerful." 

(6) General Du Portail, an engineer officer, was sent to America by Dr. Frank- 
lin and Francis Deane, the American Commissioners. He was at Yorktown, and 
served with distinguished praise. 

The La Fayette arch is surmounted by a large, splendid gilt eagle, standing on 
a gilt ball. Across the body of the eagle is inscribed, "The siege and capture of 
Yorktown." From the bill of the eagle, " Brandy wine ;" from one of its wings, 
"Gloucester Point," "Barren Hill Church;" from the opposite wing, "Newport," 
" Marquis' Road,'' " Jamestown." 

Below the name of Nelson, was painted the coat-of-arms of the State ; below 
which, between two parallel lines, is inscribed the name of " Patrick Henry," 
thus representing him as supporting the arms of the State. 

(1) Governor of South Carolina. (2) Governor of Connecticut. (5) Governor 
of New York. (3) Governor of New Jersey. (6) Governor of Pennsylvania. 

These gentlemen, like our own Governor Nelson, rendered most efficient politi- 
cal as well as military services, during the Revolution. 



Visit to Virginia. 77 



ARCH NEAR THE WASHINGTON TAVERN. 

(i) Marion. 
(2) Williams. (3) Carrington. 

Greene. 
(4) W. Washington. (5) H. Lee. 



(1) General Marion, of South Carolina, one of the most distinguished partisan 
leaders of the Revolution. 

(2) Otho H. Williams, colonel of the Maryland Line, and General Greene's 
adjutant-general. 

(3) Colonel Edward Carrington, of Virginia, was quartermaster-general of the 
Southern army undtr General Greene, and commanded the artillery on alternate 
days with Lamb and Stevens, of New York, at the siege of York. After the 
war, was a member of Congress, and was the foreman of Aaron Burr's jury. 
He died on the 28th of October, 1810. 

(4) Lieutenant-Colonel Washington, of the cavalry, whom General Greene 
called his right hand. 

(5) Lieutenant-Colonel Lee, of the Partisan Legion, whom General Greene 
called his right eye. 

General Nathaniel Greene was born in Kliode Island in 1740. He was a ma- 
jor-general in the Continental army ; was in the battles of Princeton, Trenton, 
Brandywine, Germautown, and Monmouth. In 1780, he took command of the 
Southern department. He died at Savannah on the 19th of June, 178G. 

All the arches are beautifully studded with glittering stars, and it must be par- 
ticularly remarked that the Washington arch bears on its front a large portrait of 
Washington ; the arch of Wayne, a view of the fortifications of Stony Point ; and 
that of Morgan, the figure of a rifleman. 

The pedestal in the Temple of Independence has four fronts ; on the side front- 
ing the Fayette gate, is this inscription : "The Virginia Legislature have offered 
this testimonial to Major-General La Fayette as a lasting monument of his merit 
and their gratitude." On the other fronts, are emblematic transparencies— one, 
the figure of a dog, to represent Vigilance ; another, a shield, inscribed, " La 
Fayette" defending the infant republic, represented by a child, against the British 
lion. The other front covers a spread-eagle. 

Two obelisks, raised in the area on the north side of the Square^ one on one side 
of the La Fayette gate, and the other on the other. The first has the names of 
all the Revolutionary officers living in Virginia, in transparency. The other 
one will be better understood from tlie description of it: 

Names in large capital letters on the obelisk on the west of the principal en- 
trance into the Capitol Square : On the west front, St. George Tucker, Angus 
Rucker, Abram Maury, Isaac Hite, John Trabue, Sam. Tinsley, Philip Hol- 
combe. Carter Page, Allen McLane, Gabriel Gray, Mathew Wood, George Lam- 
bert, John Slaughter, John L. Cruit, Samuel Carter, Bennony Overstreet, Jacob 
Cunningham, William H. Moseley, Wm. John Cunningham, Robert H. Saun- 
ders, William Eskridge. 



78 General La Fayette's 



LA FAYETTE IN PETERSBURG. 

Petersburg, November 2d. At length, the citizens of Petersburg 
have been gratified, delighted, by the presence of General La Fayette 
among them. Revisited us on Friday last, at 3 o'clock, and left us on 
Saturday, at i p. m. His short stay is attributable to imperious neces- 
sity, previous engagements rendering it impossible for him to be with 

On the north side : James Barron, Jolin Kilby, Peter Johnston, Joseph Blaek- 
well, Francis Cowherd, John Jordan, Henry Bowyer, CJias. Woodson, Francis 
Brooke, Josepli Marsliall, William Broadus, Churchill Gibbs, Joseph Morton, 
Dudley Diggs, William White, Joseph Scott, Robert Bealc, Clement Carrington, 
Nathaniel Vasser, Berrvman (rreen, William Brough. 

On the east front : James Dillard, William Price, Thomas White, Peter Foster, 
Archibald Perkins, Wade Mosl)y, John Wiat, Richard Allen, William Payne, 
John Smitli, Ilezckiah Morton, Tliomas Moore, George Blakemore, John Wood- 
son, Jolin Moody, Peter Francisco, Joel Jones, Joseph Christian, Isham Allen, 
Charles Gee, John Long, Matthew Eggleston, David M. Randolph, John Mount- 
castle. 

On the south front : Charles Dabney, Thomas Massie, Jolni Nelson, Charles 
Magill, John Watts, Gabriel Long, John Marshall, John Nicholas, John Wil- 
liams, Robert White, Robert Randolpii, Robert Porterfield, Charles Ewcll, 
Cliarles Cameron, Joseph Scott, William Wearing, Philip Slaugliter, AVilliam 
Robertson, William Evans, James Gibbon, Robert Satmders, Thomas Pem- 
berton, William Worsliam. 

Inscription on the pedestal : The citizens of Richmond offer this tribute of 
gratitude jind respect to the surviving heroes of Virginia. 

The obelisk on the west of the entrance bore the following inscription : 

On the west front : The Presidents of the old Congress — Peyton Randolph, 
John Hancock, Henry Laurens, John Jay, Sanmel Huntington, John Hanson, 
Elias Boudinot, Samuel Hardy, Thomas McKean, Thomas Mililin, Richard H. 
Lee, Cyrus Griffin. 

On the north front : Members of the First Congress from Virginia — Peyton 
Randolph, Richard Henry Lee, George Washington, Patrick Henry, Jr., Richard 
Bland, Benjamin Harrison, Edmund Pendleton. 

On the east front : Governors — Henry, Jefferson, Nelson, Harrison, E. Ran- 
dolph, B. Randolph, Lee, Brooke, Wood, Moore, Page, Tyler, Cabell, Smith, 
Barbour, Nicliolas, Preston, T. M. Randolph, James Pleasants. 

On the south fi'ont : Presidents of the Virginia Convention — Peyton Randolph, 
Edmund Pendleton. 

All of these names ran one after the otlier on the obelisks, in separate lines. 
Each obelisk is surmounted bv a beautiful star. 



NoTK.— For further accounts of the above-named old patriots, see Lossiiig's Field-Book of 
the Revolution, Marshall's Life of Washington, and other histories of the United States. 



Visit to Virginia. 79 

us lon^. Short as was his stay, it afforded our citizens the luxury of 
enjoying the society of a man, than whom his superior does not dwell 
beneath the vaulted roof of Heaven. 

Never have we witnessed so large and so well-conducted a proces- 
sion, as that which welcomed La Fayette to our town. Nor did we 
think it possible such an one could have been paraded in Petersburg. 
It consisted of the troop of cavalry, Captain Pegram, by whom the 
General was escorted from the ferry, near Osborne's ; then followed 
the guest of the nation, in a barouche obtained for the purpose, to 
which succeeded a long line of carriages, containing his son and suite, 
navy officers, &c. These were followed by the Thirty-ninth and 
other regiments, on horseback, the Independent Volunteers, Republi- 
can Light Infantry, La Fayette Juniors, citizens on foot and citizens 
on horseback. 

The procession proceeded through different streets, as previously 
arranged, and was halted at the quarters prepared for the General, on 
Bollingbrook street, which had been elegantly and tastefully arranged 
for his reception. 

At the extrance to his apartments, he was received by Lewis Mabry, 
Esq., mayor of Petersburg, who welcomed La Fayette to our borough 
in the following feeling and animated address : 

'* General La Fayette : The citizens of Petersburg are delighted 
with your presence. Be assured, sir, that with the liveliest emotions 
of love and gratitude, they bid you welcome. 

" Your name lights up in their bosoms, the fondest recollections of 
your devotion to liberty and to their country ; at the mention of that 
name, endeared to them from the earliest part of their lives, they look 
back to the darkest epoch of the American Revolution, that moment, 
when the stoutest hearts were desponding, and when a general gloom 
pervaded this land ; they see you in youth, in affluence, and in the 
possession of whatever this world could afford to make you happy, 
tearing yourself from France, from luxury, and from ease, and, far 
above all, . from the fond embraces of conjugal affection ; they see 
you, with the sacred flame of liberty burning in your bosom, encoun- 
tering the toils, the dangers, and the hardships of a distressed people 
struggling for freedom ; they see you by the side of Washington, his 
friend and his companion-in-arms, fighting the battles of their coun- 
try ; they have marked your course, since that eventful period, and 
their hearts are filled with admiration, love, and gratitude. It is in 
the name of these people, whose hearts are filled with these emotions, 



80 General La Fayette's 

that I bid you welcome. And permit me, sir, to assure you, that my 
heart participates, with those of my fellow-citizens, in love and vene- 
ration for La Fayette, the distinguished friend of my country." 

GENERAL LA FAYETTE* S ANSWER TO THE MAYOR OF PETERSBURG, 

" With every sentiment of affection and gratitude I thank you, sir, 
the worthy magistrates, and the citizens of Petersburg, for your so 
gratifying welcome, and feel myself particularly obliged for the manner 
in which you are pleased to express it. I have had, in former times, to 
lament the necessity, in the course of military operations, to disturb 
the repose of the good town of Petersburg, while it had become a 
British headquarter, but in this very circumstance, found new opportu- 
nities to witness her patriotism. In this visit, sir, I admire your improve- 
ments, I rejoice in your happiness, the result of the Revolution, which 
your fathers have supported with unshaken spirit ; and I beg you to 
accept my most respectful acknowledgments and most cordial good 
wishes." 

The General and his suite, together with a number of invited guests, 
were then conducted to the apartments prepared for the occasion, 
where they were introduced to the members of the Common Hall and 
a number of other citizens. These introductions being over, the Gen- 
eral repaired to one of the front windows, where he continued to bow, 
for a considerable time, to the assembled multitude ; he then proceeded 
into the street, and was indiscriminately introduced to the citizens as 
they presented themselves. 

We shall not pretend to describe the effect produced by the pres- 
ence of the General among the crowd of citizens, who pressed around 
him for an introduction. It was one of the most interesting scenes we 
ever witnessed, and will not be forgotten till all earthly things shall be 
obliterated from the memory. This ceremony being over, the Gen- 
eral retired to his chamber for a few moments, and when he returned, 
proceeded to Mr. Niblo's long room, where a sumptuous and splendid 
banquet had been prepared for him and the other invited guests, 
among whom we took great pleasure in recognizing Commodore Bar- 
ron, Captain Elliott, and a number of old Revolutionary soldiers. 
The following gentlemen officiated at the table : Lewis Mabry, presi- 
dent ; Jabez Smith, Robert Boiling, Richard Field, and Daniel C. 
Butts, vice-presidents. 

The cloths having been 'removed, the following toasts were drunk, 
accompanied by bursts of applause : 



Visit to Virginia. 81 

1. Our Country : The land of common sense and of the rights of 
man. 

2. The memory of Washington : The Son of Virginia, the Father 
of America. 

3. The Guest of our Nation : The benefactor of the world. 

4. France : The first to recognize us as a nation, the first to adopt 
our example — may she be the last to abandon our principles. 

5. The Army of the United States. 

6. The Navy of the United States. 

7. These meetings of the remnants of '76: May they rekindle the 
flame of brotherly love, and renew the spirit which will neither do 
nor suffer wrong. 

8. The gratitude we owe to the founders of our liberty : 'Tis sweet 
to pay the debt that made our fortunes. 

9. Liberty: May she be adopted, with Roman facility, among the 
rulers of the nations having intercourse with us. 

10. The South American Republics : May they find a Washington 
among their sons, a La Fayette among their friends. 

11. The Ex-Presidents of the United States. 

12. The People : Grateful to their benefactors, hostile to despots. 

13. Our Institutions: A lasting monument of the services of La 
Fayette — our happiness and prosperity his best reward. 

As soon as the third toast was drank, General La Fayette rose, and 
in a most feeling manner, returned thanks for the compliment paid 
him, and gave the following sentiment : 

Petersburg : Under the invasion of an enemy, her patriotism re- 
mained unshaken. May she, in her connections with her friends, find 
every sort of increasing prosperity. 

The following lines, written by ''The Stranger," were then re- 
cited by the chairman : 

LA Fayette's welcome to Petersburg. 

* Hail to the chief! who so bravely defended 

Liberty's cause with his fortune and blade ; 
Hail to the chief! whose blood has been blended 

With the soil where the foes of our country were laid. 
Long shall this tale be told, 
Bright has it been enrolled, 
Entwin'd and enwreath'd around his blest name ; 
In the hearts of the free, 
Deep it shall ever be, 
And with time alone, fade his glory and fame ! 



82 General La Fayette's 

Hail to the chief! in the midst of whose glory, 

We welcome again on Columbia's shore ; 
His name shall be bright on the pages of story, 

When tyrants and despots are heard of no more. 

Long may tlie hero live, 

Long life may Heaven give, 
And grant that he share what his bravery won ; 

For in life should he be 

In tlie land of the free. 
And in death should he sleep by lov'd Washington. 

VOLUNTEER TOASTS. 

By Lewis Mabry, chairman : General La Fayette — Amid the chang- 
ing scenes of forty years, constant to his purpose : still the friend of 
liberty and man. 

By Augustine Claiborne : Count De Grasse, who promptly joined 
our guest at York, contributed to establish our independence. 

By Joseph Cooper : General La Fayette — Our country's warmest 
friend. 

By Daniel C. Butts : The nation's guest — In the war of the Revo- 
lution, the disciple of Washington, the friend of Jefferson and the 
rights of man. 

By Judge Bouldin : Our own friend, and our father's friends, we 
will never forget. 

By Captain J. D. Elliott : Our gratitude — may it prove worthy of 
ourselves, and the admiration of all the world. 

By Mr. D. Meade : France — may the unparalleled consistency of 
La Fayette as a politician, his devotion to the equal rights of man, 
eventually, and ere long, lead, peacefully, to the establishment of a 
form of government in that beautiful country and accomplished na- 
tion which a La Fayette might approve. 

By Mr. Shands, Jr. : General La Fayette — a grateful people, who 
reap the fruits of his toil and valor, with ecstatic joy welcome again to 
their shores him, who in youth was a hero, through life the friend of 
man, the votary of liberty. 

By H. Haynes : Our guest — a fixed star in the political hemisphere, 
which the enemies of freedom have never needed a telescope to dis- 
cover. 

Many other toasts were given by gentlemen present, but in conse- 
quence of the ball, the dinner party broke up at an earlier hour than 
usual ; but not too early to enable the numerous guests to enjoy in 
reality " the feast of reason and the flow of soul." 



Visit to Virginia. 83 

Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon Mr. Niblo, for the very- 
sumptuous fare provided for this interesting occasion, particularly 
when we take in consideration the limited time afforded him for mak- 
ing the necessary preparation, information of the day the General 
intended visiting us, not having been received till late on Wednesday 
evening preceding the dinner. The dinner having been necessarily 
hurried over, the company separated in order to prepare for the ball, 
which was to take place in the Theatre, that spacious building having 
been elegantly fitted up for the occasion. 

We would here speak of the decorations of the Theatre, but oiir 
descriptive powers fail us, and we must content ourselves with a plain, 
matter-of-fact statement. In the first place, the pit had been floored 
over, and with the stage, formed a spacious and superb ball-room, 
capable of accommodating ten sets of cotillons at once. The stage 
was arched over with sky-blue cloth, and the sides lined with pink, 
forming a beautiful contrast, the whole exhibiting a most superb per- 
spective view, which was terminated by an elegant palace-scene. In 
the back-ground, seats were provided for the General and ?iis suite. 
Festoons of evergreens, artificial flowers, &c., attracted the eye in 
every direction, while numerous lamps reflected a rich and glowing 
brilliancy on the fairy place. 

The third tier of boxes was closely set with evergreens, which ex- 
tended their luxuriant branches a considerable distance over the 
vaulted dome of the Theatre. Within this artificial grove, innumer- 
able variegated lamps were placed, which glittered like stars of the 
first magnitude, and had an effect which attracted the admiration of 
every spectator. The pillars of the first and second rooms of boxes, 
were entwined with evergreens, while numerous wreaths and festoons 
decorated the other parts of the Theatre. Indeed, the whole had 
more the appearance of enchantment, than the effect of human effort 
and human design ; and considering the very short time that was de- 
voted to the completion of the arrangements, reflects the highest 
credit on those who planned and those who executed this splendid 
scene. 

The indefatigable Mr. Noe was the architect on this occasion, but 
the design is solely attributable to the fair of our town, who were un- 
tiring in their exertions to render every possible homage and respect 
to the man who has done so much for our country. 

We would pass from the decorations of the ball-room, and attempt 
to portray the living scenery, but the attempt is vain, and we leave 



84 General La Fayette's 

the subject, in utter despair of rendering even ordinary justice to the 
splendid galaxy of beauty which blazed within, and dazzled the eye 
by their effulgence. 

The dancing commenced about 8 o'clock, and continued until 
near 2. The General arrived at 9, and remamed until 12, receiving the 
warm congratulations of one of the most numerous and brilliant as- 
semblages of females ever witnessed in Petersburg. 

The ball-room was prepared for the General's reception, by arrang- 
ing the gentlemen in the boxes and appropriating the floored area of 
the Theatre to the fair, who filled, with the full glow of associated 
beauty, the entire circle under the rotunda, and the long vista beneath 
the arcade. Loveliness and virtue, adorned with every charm of 
earth, awaited his reception, with the fervor and purity that breathes 
and burns in heaven. Not a breatli disturbed tlie silence, so respect- 
fully kept by the grateful hearts and longing eyes. The General en- 
tered, the ladies rose, he was led round the room, and after his general 
introduction, to each and all of them, the gentlemen left their allotted 
seats and entered the open area. The upper part of the vista being 
reserved for visitors to the General, the lower portion and circle were 
immediately filled, and enlivened beyond description with the splendid 
and harmonious bustle of the happy and the gay. It is impossible to 
detail the deep and various interests of continued introductions. One, 
which took place in the ball-room, was calculated to excite every 
generous and noble feeling which sways and animates the soul of man. 
A crowd of the Canada volunteers, from Petersburg, were by name 
introduced to him. He received them with a soldier's hand, and 
looked upon them with a soldier's eye. The old General, who had 
bled with their fathers, seemed to rekindle with the fire of youth and 
feelings of days gone by, in hailing their war-like sons. He called some 
of them as they retired, and multiplied question upon question, with the 
rapidity of a heart too full to be easily satisfied, even with the answers 
asked for. The feeling of that moment was the emotion of that all- 
nameless pulse which strains the heart as much as it will bear. All 
around seemed to catch the soldier's feeling, and to burn with that 
living sense of glory, which then beamed in the eyes of those whose 
patriotic and war-tried spirits had been ennobled and purified by its 
presence. 

We cannot leave the Theatre, without thus publicly, in the name of 
those who attended the ball, offering to Mrs. Sharp, the excellent and 
amiable lady who provided the supper and other refreshments on the 
occasion, the undissembled and unanimous thanks of every individual 



Visit to Virginia. 85 

present, for the very superior and sumptuous fare, which, at only two 
days' notice, she had provided for so numerous a company. Thus far 
we have attempted to give an outline of the ceremonies and festivities 
exhibited on the day of La Fayette's arrival among us. 

On Saturday another and equally interesting scene awaited him. 

The children of Petersburg, about four hundred in number, assem- 
bled on Poplar Lawn for the purpose of welcoming La Fayette to our 
town, and to tender to him their infant blessings, and their prayers to 
heaven for his earthly and eternal happiness. 

At ID o'clock, the children moved in procession from the Lancas- 
terian school to Poplar-Spring Lawn, where the General arrived at ii 
o'clock, escorted by the troop of cavalry. The interesting group, 
composed of the future hopes of our country, having been properly 
arranged, the General alighted from his carriage, under a salute from 
the artillery, and having passed in review the light corps assembled on 
the Lawn, was conducted to the head of the line of children, and on 
being introduced to Mr. Disosway, the manager on this occasion, he 
was addressed by that gentleman in the following eloquent and feeling 
manner : 

" General : In behalf of the children of Petersburg, I bid you a 
hearty welcome. The offsprings of those venerated men by whose 
side you fought, and in whose councils you so ably participated, now 
rise up to hail and to bless you. The most of our fathers have 
descended to the silent grave, but their children will not forget their 
father's and their coiintry's friend. Peace to their ashes. 

Now our tones triumphant pour, 

Let them pierce the hero's grave — 
Life's tumultuous battle's o'er, 

O, how sweetly sleep the brave. 
From the dust their laurels rise, 

Light they shoot and flourish free, 
Glory's temper is their tomb. 

Death is immortality. 

" Hallowed be the fields of battle, where our Revolutionary heroes 
fell ! Lumortality to the memory of the fallen ! Honor to the scars 
of the living ! Thanks to Divine Providence ! Praise to the bravery 
of the chief! Gratitude to La Fayette ! 

"The people of the United States look to you, sir, as one of their 
most honored parents. Our first lessons in childhood were taught us 
by the aged veteran. They were the stories of Brandy wine, of Mon- 



86 General La Fayette's 

mouth, and of Yorktown. There we learned the triumphs of liberty; 
there we lisped the hero's name, and sympathized with his trials in 
the dungeon of Olmutz. Accept, then, the hum.ble homage of these 
young but sincere hearts. 'Tis all they have to offer. They present 
no splendid parade ; they boast of no ornament more brilliant than 
the dew-drops of the morning, and prefer that which, to a benevo- 
lent mind, is of more value, the congratulations of sincere friendship." 

The General returned a suitable reply, and was conducted to the 
right of the line of children, where he was received and welcomed by 
Miss Ellen Pearce, on behalf of her infantile sisters and brothers as- 
.sembled to honor the " Nation's Guest," their fathers' friend, their 
country's benefactor. The following are the lines that were recited 
by the charming little Ellen : 

Beholil, loved chief, a grateful hand 

Attends with lieart-lelt jiride on tliee ; 
Eacli glowing tongue and outstretch'd hand, 

Here bids you welcome 'niongst the free. 
To you, La Fayette, in part, we owe 

That boon for which our prayers ascend 
To him, whose goodness will bestow 

Rich blessings on our country's friend. 
No laurel wreaths or tinsel'd crests 

We bring, around thy brow to twine. 
But warmly beating in our breasts. 

We give our hearts — for they are thine. 
Our proudest thought is tliat we're free, ■ 

And grateful to thy youth-drawn blade, 
Within our hearts is wove for thee 

A wreath that time shall never fade. 

A number of banners, with appropriate mottoes, were displayed to 
the General, which added greatly to the interest of the scene. 

The General having passed down the extended line of " little inno- 
cents," to whom he was particularly attentive, and for whose welfare 
he expressed much solicitude, was then conducted to where a large 
assemblage of ladies was collected, to whom he was introduced, and 
by whom he was received with that joy and gladness so characteristic 
of the warm-hearted females of Virginia. 

This ceremony being over, the troops passed in review before the 
General, as did also the children. The General then repaired to his 
barouche, and was escorted to his quarters, and from thence was con- 
ducted to Niblo's long-room, where a sumptuous cold collation had 



Visit to Virginia. 87 

been provided by the corporation. The invited guests, the members 
of the corporation, the committee of arrangements, and the volun- 
teers having partaken of this bountiful fare, the festive scene was ter- 
minated, more feelingly, by drinking the following toast, offered by 
Mr. Thomas H. Dunn, on behalf of the citizens and volunteers of 
Petersburg : 

General La Fayette — Our Revolutionary father, the friend of man 
kmd. He wno bears the world in his heart, should be borne in the 
heart of the world. 

The General immediately arose, and gave the following parting 
sentiment : 

'* The Petersburg Volunteers and the Petersburg Canada Company 
in the late war." 

The company then immediately broke up. The General and suite 
ascended their carriages, and, accompanied by several of the commit- 
tee of arrangements and members of the common hall, proceeded 
on his return to Richmond, escorted by the troop of cavalry, Inde- 
pendent Volunteers, Republican Blues, La Fayette Juniors, officers of 
the Thirty-ninth and other regiments, and a large number of ladies 
and gentlemen in carriages and on horseback. 

At the head of Haxall's lane, the light companies and citizens on 
foot, retired from the line and took an affectionate leave of the Gen- 
eral. The ladies, and a number of gentlemen, including the officers 
on horseback, followed to Swift's creek, where the procession halted 
for a few minutes, and another deeply interesting parting scene 
occurred. 

The ceremony being over, the General again started, escorted by 
the cavalry, and accompanied by the committee of arrangements, &c., 
and proceeded to the ferry beyond Osborne's, where he was met by 
the Richmond delegation, into whose care we surrendered him about 
3 o'clock. Here the Petersburg escort took a silent but an impres- 
sively feeling farewell of their distinguished guest, and returned to 
town. 

On reaching the opposite side of the river, the General immediately 
set out for Richmond, where he was to dine with his Masonic brethren. 
Thus has terminated the short, but most happy and interesting visit of 
La Fayette to the town of Petersburg — an event never to be forgotten 
by its citizens, and which will be treasured in their memory as one of 
the most happy and pleasing occurrences which they were ever called 
upon to witness. 



88 General La Fayette's 



GENERAL LA FAYETTE S DEPARTURE FROM RICHMOND. 

General La Fayette left us on Tuesday, pleased with all, pleasing 
all. He is one of those fine originals which can stand the nearest, 
nicest critical inspection. Not like most great men, who loom with 
the distance, the nearer you approach him the more you love him. 
His moral qualities are of the most attractive description, so sweet in 
his disposition, so delicate and philosophical in all his attractions, .so 
modest and unassuming his pretensions, so free from all false pride 
and arrogance, so civil and polished in his manners, without degen- 
erating into insincerity and flattery. It is scarcely possible to con- 
ceive a greater sense of propriety in all that he says and does. His 
mind, too, is so richly stored with the treasures of reading, observa- 
tion, and reflection ; his common-sense is so true and strong; he has 
seen so much that others wish to hear, and develops his ideas with so 
much clearness, fluency, and originality ; he has mixed .so much with 
the great men and measures of these great times ; his mind is so im- 
bued with the principles of liberty, and he expounds them with so 
much enthusiasm, that it is impossible to partake of his society, and to 
listen to the lore of wisdom which flows from his lips, without the 
greatest delight and the sincerest veneration. His visit to America 
will have the effect of raising even much higher in the esteem of the 
American people, a character which all the world had previously so 
much admired. 

He was accompanied by the mayor and our volunteer compa 
nies, and a large troup of our citizens on horseback. The Fayette 
Guards, and two of the committee of arrangements, accompanied 
him to Powell's Tavern, about fifteen miles from the city. Here 
he was received by a part of the committee of arrangements of 
Goochland county, a detachment of the Goochland troop, and citi- 
zens. His reception was most cordial, and the citizens and troopers 
of Richmond were treated with a hospitality which won every heart. 
About 2 o'clock the General proceeded, with his Goochland escort, to 
Goochland Courthouse, where a large multitude waited to receive 
him. He would dine and lodge there, and proceed to Monticello 
to-morrow. 

GENERAL LA FAYETTE ON HIS TRIUMPHAL MARCH THROUGH THE 

STATE. 

The General and his suite left Richmond on Tuesday, November 
2d, 1824, on his way to visit Mr. Jefferson, at Monticello. He passed 



Visit to Virginia. 89 

through the counties of Goochland and Fluvanna, and the people of 
those counties met him with the greatest enthusiasm, and btstowed 
upon him the highest honors their love and gratitude could suggest. 
Colonel William Gray, marshal of the day, received him in Gooch- 
land, and with Captain James B. Ferguson's troop, and a large con- 
course of citizens on horseback, escorted him to the court-house. 
There he partook of a splendid dinner, prepared by Major Isaac 
McCord, for the occasion. Colonel William Boiling acted as presi- 
dent, assisted by Colonels Gray and Guerrant, and many patriotic 
'toasts were drank by the gentlemen present. The next morning, No- 
vember 3d, at 9 o'clock, with the same equipage and escort, the Gen- 
eral left, and took up the line of march for Columbia, where he arrived 
at half-past 2 in the afternoon. 

General John H. Cocke and Rev. Walker Timberlake, at the head 
of a large number of citizens, met him and conducted him to the 
hotel, where Captain John G. Miller received him with an appropriate 
address, to which the General replied in handsome terms. He was 
then conducted into the house, where the party sat down to a hand- 
some collation, which had been prepared by the committe of arrange- 
ments of Fluvanna. W. H. Roane and Colonel Campbell, aids of 
the Governor, were among the guests. Mrs Lee, who provided the 
dinner, was much commended for the abundant, neat, and tasty pre- 
paration, which she had effected at two days' notice. 

At half- past 3 o'clock, the General set off, with his escort, for Wil- 
mington, where they arrived at thirty-five minutes after 4 o'clock p. M. 
The carriage in which the General rode, was drawn by four splendid 
English stallions of the true Hunter's -reed, and they acquitted them- 
selves in a manner worthy of their ancestry, having accomplished a 
distance of more than nine miles in an hour and five minutes. At 
Wilmington he was received by a committee and addressed by John 
Timberlake, Jr., Esq. He was introduced to a large number of ladies 
and gentlemen, and they had a good old-fashioned old Virginia hos- 
pitable time of it. Mr. Horatio Wells, who furnished this entertain- 
ment, received the thanks of the committee and citizens, and every- 
thing which the county afforded was served up in a manner and style 
entirely satisfactory. 

At the dinner. General Cocke presided, assisted by Captain J. G. 
Miller, John Timberlake, Jr., and George Stillman, Esq. Various 
volunteer toasts were given by Colonel Barret G. Payne, George M. 
Payne, Captain Robert Ware, Peter R. Johnson, John G. Miller, 
George Stillman, Colonel Strange, Captain Peter Guerrant, Edward 



90 General La Fayette's 

J. Magruder, Dr. Wills,. John Timberlake, Jr., Dr. Miller, Dr. Lewis, 
Dr. Jones, Captain Petit, Mr. Mclntire, Major Magruder, Colonel 
Richardson. W. M. Carey, Colonel Payne, VV. Kev, W. P. Harden, 
and Horatio Wills. 

General La Fayette, his suite, and companions, set out from Wil- 
mington on Thursday morning, at lo o'clock, accompanied by Gen- 
eral Cocke, Colonel Carey, Colonel Strange, Captain Winn, Cap- 
tain Magruder, Dr. Wills, Dr. Lewis, Dr. Jones, and Mr. George 
Stillman, of the committee, with a large number of citizens, and 
arrived at Miss Boyd's, in Albemarle, a distance of sixteen miles, at 
about 12 o'clock. Here he took an affectionate farewell of his Flu- 
vanna friends, and set off for Monticello, accompanied by the com- 
mittee from Albemarle, and the Albemarle company of Fayette Guards, 
and followed by the prayers of all he left behind him, for his health, 
and years, and happiness. 

When the General approached the county line of Albemarle, he 
found the citizens drawn up in a line, under the direction of Major 
Clarke, and the troop of cavalry formed an imposing appearance, in 
full line, on the opposite side of the road. Captain Craven formed 
his troop into a hollow square, of which the General was the centre. 
Mr. William C. Rives then delivered an address to him, in a graceful 
and impressive manner, to which the General made a suitable reply. 
After these ceremonies were over, and the party had partaken of 
refreshments, they set off for Monticello. The landau of Mr. Jeffer- 
son, drawn by four greys, was allotted to the General, Mr. Rives, 
and Thomas J. Randolph, chairman of the committee of arrange- 
ments ; and they were escorted by the guards and a large body of citi- 
zens, who were marshalled into order by Captain Craven. Nothing 
could surpass in beauty and grandeur, the march of a long and ani- 
mated procession through the meanderings of a mountain road, as it 
winded around the hill ; and as they descended to the river, below the 
little town of Milton, the General himself drew the attention of his 
immediate companions to the moving scenery around him, and highly 
complimented the imposing appearance of the Guards. To an indif- 
ferent spectator, if any could be indifferent, it seemed that thousands 
of freemen had sprung up from the hills, and woods, and mountains, to 

'. ... a.i,va! aiHJ shout the welcome of their country's friend. 

At 2 o'clock^ the approach of the procession up Monticello moun- 
tain was announced by the bugle, and when the echo of its notes was 
heard, those persons who had assembled at an early hour to witness 
the General's arrival, formed themselves into a line on the northern 



Visit to Virginia. 91 

margin of the circular yard in front of the house. The cavalry 
ranged themselves on the opposite side of the yard ; a deep silence 
prevailed, while every eye turned with eagerness to the point where 
the General's appearance was expected. The next moment, the car- 
riages drew up in front of the building. As soon as the General 
drove up, Mr. Jefferson advanced to meet him, with feeble steps, but 
as he approached, his feelings seemed to triumph over the infirmities of 
age, and as the General descended they hastened into each other's 
arms. They embraced again and again ; tears were shed by both, and 
the broken expressions, " God bless you, General;" "Bless you, my 
dear Jefferson," was all that interrupted the impressive silence of the 
scene, except the audible sobs of many, whose emotion could not be 
suppressed. 

The next day (Friday) the deputation committee and the Guards 
were at Monticello to receive him. The General, Mr. Jefferson, and 
Mr. Madison, in the landau, preceded by them, proceeded to Char- 
lottesville, where, at the Central Hotel, he was addressed by the chair- 
man of the committee, to whom he replied appropriately. 

The procession was formed at 12 o'clock, and marched to the Uni- 
versity in the following order : 

Chief Marshal, with two aids; President of the day; the General, 
Mr. Jefferson, and Mr. Madison, in a landau drawn by four grey 
horses ; General's son and staff, in a carriage with two cream-colored 
horses ; Visitors of the University of Virginia, in a carriage ; stand- 
ing committees ; magistrates ; cavalry ; Junior Volunteers ; citizens 
on horseback ; citizens on foot. 

It moved slowly to the University — nothing could be more orderly 
performed ; each man, from the accuracy of his movements, seemed 
to have been drilled to his duty. The Fayette Guards were quick 
and expert in their evolutions ; the citizens orderly and decorous. 
Throughout the day the arrangements were never broken ; there was 
no ebullition of the passions, no violation of decorum ; it was the 
decorum of respect. 

As the University came suddenly in view, a thousand of the daugh- 
ters of the mountains, raised aloft on the terraces, waved their white 
handkerchiefs in the air. It was beautiful. His escort, the country's 
chivalry; his reception, its loveliness. They wended around the east- 
ern street of the University, and came to the bottom of the Lawn. 
The procession dismounted and formed on foot. The first objects 
that attracted the view were three flags floating on the top of the ro- 



92 General La Fayette's 

tunda — on the largest, in broad letters, "Welcome, our Country's 
Guest." 

There was a moral sublimity in the scene which beggars description. 
On the very spot where now wjlked, arm in arm, a hero of the Revo- 
lution, with two of its sages ; a spot where the youngest scion of 
science had been planted by the patriarchal hand of Jefferson, his last 
public care — we had almost said, his last comfort — on that spot, thus 
consecrated, were now assembled all the beauty and chivalry of the 
country, to bid the father of their country, hail. From the steps of the 
rotunda, William F. Gordon delivered an address to the General, 
suitable to the occasion, to which the General replied as follows : 

THE general's REPLY. 

" I am happy, sir, once more to receive the kind welcome of the citi- 
zens of Albemarle, and this day receive it under the beautiful pan- 
theon of this rising University, the advantages of which, not only to 
this part of the United States, but to the cause of mankind, so elo- 
quently expressed by you, I rejoice to acknowledge ; nor do I in 
anything more cordially sympathize with you, than in the mention you 
have made of the venerable friend, whom, if there was but one univer- 
sity in the world, the enlightened men of both hemispheres would in 
common elect to preside over universal information. 

" Be pleased, sir, to accept the tribute of my respectful gratitude to 
you and your fellow-citizens of Albemarle." 

DINNER IN THE ROTUNDA. 

At 3 o'clock, the General was invited to dinner, prepared in the 
upper room of the rotunda. The tables were beautifully arranged, in 
three concentric circles. Over the place assigned to the General, was 
an arch of living laurel, beautifully entwined around two columns that 
supported the gallery. Mr. V. W. Southall, in the absence of Col. 
Randolph, presided, the General first on his right, then Mr Jefferson 
and Mr. Madison ; on his left, George W. Lafayette and his suite. 
The table was calculated to seat four hundred persons, and it was full. 
The meats were excellent, and each eye around us beamed content- 
ment. It was contentment arising from the performance of the most 
sacred, the most grateful duty. It was the offering of liberty to him 
who had gratuitously aided to achieve it. In the language of Mr. 
Madison, it was " Liberty, where virtue was the guest, and gratitude 
the feast." 



Visit to Virginia. 93 

When the cloth was removed, various regular toasts were drunk ; 
and when the following toast was announced, " Thomas Jefferson and 
the Declaration of Independence — alike identified witli the cause of 
liberty," Mr. Jefferson handed to Mr. Southall the following speech, 
which he read in a loud and audible voice : 

MR. Jefferson's speech. 

" I will avail myself of this occasion, my beloved neighbors and 
friends, to thank you for the kindness which now, and at all times, I 
have received at your hands. Born and bred among your fathers, 
led by their partiality into the line of public life, I labored, in fellow- 
ship with them, through the arduous struggle, which, freeing us from 
foreign bondage, established us in the rights of self-government ; 
rights which have blessed ourselves, and will bless, in their sequence, 
all the nations of the earth. In this contest, all did our utmost, and 
as none could do more, none had pretensions to superior merit. 

" I joy, my friends, in your joy, inspired by the visit of this, our 
ancient and distinguished leader and benefactor. His deeds in the 
war of independence you have heard and read. They are known to 
you, and embalmed in your memories, and in the pages of faithful his- 
tory. His deeds in the peace that followed that war are, perhaps, not 
known to you, but I can attest them. When I was stationed in his 
country for the purpose of cementing its friendship with ours, and of 
advancing our mutual interests, this friend of both, was my most pow- 
erful auxiliary and advocate. He made our cause his own, as in truth 
it was that of his native country also. His influence and connections 
there were great. All doors of all departments were open to him at 
all times. In truth, I only held the nail, he drove it. Honor him, 
then, as your benefactor in peace as well as in war. ^ 

" My friends, I am old ; long in the disuse of making speeches, and I 
without voice to utter them. In this feeble state, the exhausted pow- 
ers of life leave little within my competence for your service. If with 
the aid of my younger and abler coadjutors, I can still contribute any- 
thing to advance the institution, within whose walls we are now min- 
gling manifestations to this our guest, it will be, as it has ever been, 
cheerfully and zealously bestowed. And could I live to see it once 
enjoy the patronage and cherishment of our public authorities with 
undivided voice, I should die without a doubt of the future fortunes of 
my native state, and in the consoling contemplation of the happy in- 
fluence of this institution on its character, its virtue, its prosperity, 
and safety. 



I 



J 



94 General La Fayette's 

" To these effusions for the cradle and land of my birth, I add, for 
our nation at large, the aspirations of a heart warm with the love of 
country ; whose invocations to heaven for its indissoluble union will 
be fervent and unremitting, while the pulse of life continues to beat, 
and when that ceases, it will expire in prayers for the eternal duration 
of its freedom and prosperity." 

Volunteer toasts were proposed by Chas. L. Bankhead, A. S. Brock- 
enbrough, John Coles, Dr. Charles Everette, Th. J. Randolph, G. 
Moseler, J. B. Benson, C. P. McKennie, F. Eppes, James W. Dabney, 
Daniel F. Carr, D. M. Rinley, T. W. Gilmer, W. C. Rives, Peter 
Minor, Dr. C. Carter, Thomas W. Maury, F. B. Dyer, James Dins- 
more, D. H. Bramham, V. W. Southall, C. F. Pope, James Lcitch, 
Richard Duke, Colonel William Woods, Dr Mann Page, Colonel S. 
Carr, Charles Downing, S. Hurd, N. P. Frist, John Campbell, A. G. 
Monroe. 

When the toast in honor of General La Fayette was announced, it 
was received with enthusiastic cheering ; the lofty dome of the rotunda 
reechoed back the sound : it ro'led in billowy volumes around the 
spacious hall, and sunk in the stillness of enthusiasm. When Mr. Jef- 
ferson's speech was read, the General was moved to tears ; he grasped 
the hand of the venerable friend who penned it, and sobbed aloud. 
Oh, there is something magical and contagious in the tears of a great 
man of acknowledged firmness ; there is something awful in that 
power that breaks open the deep fountains of the heart until they ovor- 
flow ! 

When the regular toast, " James Madison, the ablest expositor of 
the Constitution — his commentaries of '98 will be forgotten only with 
the text," was announced, Mr. Madison arose, made a short response, 
and ended by proposing the following toast: " Liberty, which has 
virtue for its guest and gratitude for its feast." 

Mr. Southall presided with great dignity, and none who were present 
will ever forget the enthusiasm of this reception. Indeed, the whole 
scene at the University, the buildings and their immortal projector, 
supported by Mr. Madison and the hero of the Revolution, second 
only to Washington in war, is beyond our powers of description. 

HE LEAVES FOR ORANGE COUNTY. 

Charlottesville, November igih. At an early hour on Monday 
morning last, the Fayette Guards assembled for the purpose of con- 
ducting General La Fayette to the county of Orange. At 9 o'clock, 



Visit to Virginia. 95 

the troops formed in front of Mr. Jefferson's house. The General and 
suite, after taking an affectionate leave of Mr. Jefferson and fam'ily, 
ascended their carriages, and were in readiness to depart on their 
journey. General La Fayette, Mr. Thomas J. Randolph, and Mr. 
Valentine W. Southall, occupied Mr. Jefferson's landau, drawn by 
four handsome greys ; another carrriage was allotted to the General's 
suite, and a neat wagon for the baggage. At the sound of the bugle, 
the whole train moved off in handsome style, the carriages preceded 
by a small number of the escort, and followed by the main body. 
Gordonsville was the point designated for the reception by the citizens 
of Orange; During the whole passage to that place from Monticello, 
the inhabitants from either side of the road, notwithstanding the in- 
clemency of the weather, crowded to the highway, manifesting the 
same interest, the same enthusiasm, the same veneration and affection, 
which have everywhere been felt on the approach of this illustrious 
benefactor of man. Persons of every age, sex, and condition, seemed 
anxious to behold and to honor the "Nation's Guest." Ever and 
anon, were discernible from the neighboring farm-houses, the fair 
daughters of the mountains, waving their white 'kerchiefs in attesta- 
tion of the same feelings which pervaded the animated groups of their 
fathers, husbands, and brothers, who had assembled on the borders of 
the highway. 

At I o'clock, the General, suite, and escort, arrived at Gordonsville, 
where a deputation and escort were in waiting to conduct the General 
to Montpelier. As soon as he descended from his carriage, James 
Barbour, Esq., senator in Congress from this State, received him, and 
gave him a warm and hearty welcome to the county. The General 
and suite were then conducted into Mr. Thornton's Tavern, where 
refreshments had been prepared for them. The room was beautifully 
decorated with evergreens and natural flowers, which were tastefully 
entwined around the curtains, and others, bound together and hung in 
delightful festoons, over the windows, doors, and mantel-piece. It was 
the ingenious work of Mrs. Thornton and the Miss Gordons. 

At 2 o'clock, after taking an affectionate leave of the escort, and 
other gentlemen from Albemarle, the General and suite resumed their 
journey to Montpelier, in the carriages provided by the Orange dele- 
gation, and escorted by the mounted volunteers under Captain Macon, 
where they were affectionately received by Mr. Madison. The General 
remained at Montpelier until Friday, when, attended by Mr. Madison, 
the committee of arrangements, Captain Macon's volunteers, and 
many citizens, he proceeded to Orange Courthouse. On his arrival 



96 General La Fayette's 

there, an extended line of citizens presented itself, along which he 
proceeded. When he alighted, he was received with acclamation. 
After awhile, he was conducted by the committee, surrounded by a 
few of his brother officers of the Revolution and accompanied by Mr. 
Madison, into a spacious hall, filled to overflowing with ladies, to 
whose exclusive use the room had been appropriated, when he was met 
by Governor Barbour, whose position commanded the comj^any within 
and without the room, who delivered, with much feeling, an eloquent 
address, appropriate to the occasion. The General was sensibly 
affected, and made a graceful reply. A bouquet of flowers was then 
presented him by Miss Darby, with an affectionate address, to which 
he kindly replied. 

He was introduced to the ladies, who manifested their gratitude and 
joy, in their own bewitching way, so readily performed by them, but 
so impossible to be described. The citizens were formed in double 
lines in the street, between which he passed, shaking each by the 
hand. Now and then, some venerable-looking man, a soldier of the 
Revolution, presented himself. The greeting was cordial and affect- 
ing, presenting a scene whose pathos reached every heart. 

At 3 o'clock, accompanied by ex-President Madison, several Revo- 
lutionary soldiers, and about two hundred guests, he sat down to a 
dinner, prepared with great taste and elegance by Messrs. Verdier & 
Shephard. Governor Barbour presided, supported by four vice-presi- 
dents. 

Thirteen regular toasts were announced, and among them was the 
following : 

" Our countryman, James Madison — Pure in private, as illustrious in 
public life: we love the man, and venerate the statesman." 

When this toast was given, Mr. Madison very feelingly expressed 
himself, as follows : 

MR. Madison's speech. 

" I am very thankful, my friends and fellow citizens, for the 
token of regard you have given me. It is peculiarly valuable, as 
coming from those, in the midst of whom I have lived, and for 
whom I have such sincere respect. I cannot, however, disguise 
from myself that your partiality greatly overrates my public ser- 
vices. But I am justified in saying, that you cannot overrate the 
intentions with which they were rendered, such as they may have been, 
or my gratitude to my country for the honorable trusts it conferred on 
me. Nor ought I to withhold the expression of my particular grati- 



Visit to Virginia. 97 

tude to the worthy citizens of the county of Orange. Their suffrages 
introduced me into the public career which occupied so great a portion 
of my life, and in every stage of which I experienced from them all 
the kindness and support I could hope for or desire. 

" But, how can I speak of gratitude, without being reminded, by 
the occasion, of what we all owe, of what the nation itself owes, to its 
great benefactor, whom we are gratified with now having for our 
guest ? Besides those signal and critical services which are most 
known to the world, and which call for every proof of gratitude which 
our country can give, he has endeared himself by his persevering devo- 
tion to the great principles of our Revolution, and by his zeal, truly 
American, in maintaining our rights, our honor, and our interests, as 
a free and independent people. In his absence, I could say much, 
which I cannot trust my feelings to utter in his presence. But were he 
absent, I could not say more than would be due, nor more than I am 
sure would be echoed by every heart present." 

VARIOUS VOLUNTEER TOASTS 

were then given by the following gentlemen, all of which were expres 
sive of true patriotic sentiments, and of admiration and affection for 
La Fayette, viz : George W. La Fayette, Philip P. Barbour, Frederick 
Harris, Reynolds Chapman, John Gibson, Robert L. Madison, Philip 
Slaughter, Laurence T. Dade, Joseph Clark, James D. Dillard, C. C. 
Macon, W. D. Clark, James Collins, George W. Spotswood, Jackson 
Morton, Jere Morton, S. Stubblefield, J. C. Harris, Wm. Rhoades, 
and Col. Robert Mallory. 

The company broke up, at 5 o'clock, amid heart-felt rejoicing. 

The General and his suite left Orange Courthouse on the i6th. The 
citizens of the lower end of the county had erected, with great taste, 
a triumphal arch, immediately at the intersection of the ro^d, which 
yet bears the General's name, from its having been the theatre of his 
military operations. It was adorned with the evergreen of the forest 
with which it is surrounded, and with emblems and sentiments most 
flattering to the general. He was addressed by Mr. G. in a style 
suited to the occasion, to which the General replied ; upon which, a 
little girl advanced, and, as the representative of a large group of 
girls of her own age, presented herself to the General, and, addressing 
him affectionately, she and her companions strewed his paths with 
flowers. After which, the General proceeded to "The Wilderness," 
where he was cordially welcomed by the deputation from Fredericks- 
burg and the surrounding counties. 

13 



98 General La Fayette's 



RECEPTION OF GENERAL LA FAYETTE IN FREDERICKSBUGR. 

The General and his suite arrived on Saturday, the 20th of Novem- 
ber. He was met at "The Wilderness " by a corps of about forty 
officers, under the command of Colonel Gulielmus Smith, of Spotsyl- 
vania ; Colonel George M. Cooke, of Stafford ; and Colonel John 
Stuart, of Prince George, and the deputation from Fredericksburg, 
who served as an escort to conduct him to town. He and his suite 
were conveyed in two carriages, each drawn by four horses. In one, 
was seated the General, Captain Lewis, and Colonel Barbour ; and in 
the other, George Washington La Fayette, Mr. Le Vasseur, and Colonel 
Hugh Mercer. Just at sunset, the party reached the parade-ground, 
west of Fredericksburg, in the following order : 

Two marshals; Colonel Smith; Committee of Arrangements; Guest 
in carriage, drawn by four white horses; Colonels Stewart and Cooke ; 
Second Corps of Officers ; General's suite in carriage, drawn by four 
black horses ; citizens on horseback. 

As the General approached the parade-ground, the military, com- 
manded by Major O. M. Crutchfield, and aided by Captain Duff 
Green, were formed in line upon the left, and parallel with the turn- 
pike road, in the following order : 

On the right of the whole, a company composed of youths, between 
twelve and sixteen years of age, neatly uniformed and armed with 
pikes, called the La Fayette Cadets, under the command of Colonel 
William F. Gray, by whose skill and diligence they had been trained 
to the most exact precision in all their evolutions. This corps of little 
military gave inexpressible interest to this and all subsequent military 
exhibitions. Next to them was stationed Captain Duff Green's hand- 
some company of Riflemen, from Falmouth ; next in order, the Rifle 
Company of Captain T. H. Botts ; and upon their left, the Washing- 
ton Guards — all of them handsomely uniformed and equipped. In 
the centre of the whole line, the Marine Band from Washington, which 
was politely lent by Colonel Henderson for the occasion. 

As the General and suite advanced up on the right, the whole line 
saluted, and as they cleared the left, Colonel Stanard, who was ap- 
prised by signs, fired the Federal salute from thd artilery stationed in 
the suburbs, and thus announced to the eager and anxious citizens the 
approach of their father, the friend and benefactor of mankind. In 
the rear of the military, and under the direction of Major H, M. Pat- 
ton, chief marshal, aided by Captain James Green, between two and 



Visit to Virginia. 99 

three hundred citizens, from the town and neighborhood, on hosre- 
back, were arranged in line, and added greatly to the beauty and effect 
of this most imposing and gratifying spectacle. 

As daylight began to close, the procession moved into town, and 
advanced down Hanover into Caroline street, and the darkness began 
to impair, in some degree, its imposing effect. But without any pre- 
vious notice or concert, lights beamed from window to window, until 
almost a general illumination lighted its march. The procession having 
arrived at the corner of the Farmers Hotel, on Caroline street, sud- 
denly the adjacent houses on both sides of the street were beautifully 
and tastefully illuminated, and the effect was as gratifying as unex- 
pected. It would be unjust to omit noticing the beautiful and appro- 
priate transparency exhibited in front of the residence of H. Marshall, 
Esquire, in which the features of General La Fayette were correctly 
delineated. An angel hovered over his head — the genius of Liberty 
stood by his side, and blew from her trump, "Welcome, La Fayette!" 
Underneath was written : 

"A name inscribed deeply on the roll of fame; 
It shall descend honored to the latest posterity." 

Its effect upon the assembled multitude was evinced by a slight 
pause in the procession, and whispered sounds of applause. 

When the procession reached the Town Hall, the General was re- 
ceived by the Mayor, who addressed him in a handsome speech and 
tendered to him a cordial welcome, to which the General made a feli- 
citous reply, after which the General was conducted around by the 
Masonic Hall into Caroline street, and up to his apartments in the spa- 
cious building of Mr. James Ross, who had, in a manner which does 
much honor to his zeal and generosity, surrendered his house and fur- 
niture to the corporation for the occasion. These apartments had 
been embellished and furnished in a style of the utmost neatness and 
comfort, under the direction of the ladies, with the assistance of the 
committee appointed for the purpose. Immediately on his arrival 
here, refreshments were presented, and soon afterwards the guest and 
his suite, and many of the genlemen who had been in attendance 
during the day, sat down to a very handsome dinner. About 9 o'clock 
the General and his suite, accompanied by the Mayor and Colonel 
Mercer, were conveyed to the Farmers Hotel, to be present at a 
splendid ball, which wanted nothing that expense could procure, or 
taste could embellish, to make complete. It was attended by an over- 
flowing company from all the adjoining counties, and seldom has an 



100 General La Fayette's 

occasion been graced by so much beauty, or enjoyed with such decent 
festivity. 

On Sunday, the General visited "Fredericksburg Lodge, No. 4." 
The spacious hall was completely filled. The ceremonies were touch- 
ing and solemn. The perfect order, profound silence, and deferential 
respect, which was evinced by each individual, spoke in plainer lan- 
guage than words, the intense feeling that pervaded the assembly. 
The General had previously been elected an honorary member of the 
lodge. On his entrance, as his name was announced, the members 
rose, and tlie Worshipful Master, Col. Wm. F. Gray, descending from 
his seat, addressed him in an interesting speech. Among other things, 
he said : 

" On this occasion, my brother, it cannot be uninteresting to you, 
as the early friend and companion-in-arms of our beloved Washing- 
ton, to know that this lodge boasts the honor of being his parent- 
lodge. Our records assure us, that on the 4th day of November, A. 
L. 5752, the light of Masonry here first burst upon his sight ; and that, 
within the pale of this lodge, he subsequently sought and obtained 
further illumination. Here he first studied those liberal, tolerant, and 
benevolent principles of our order, which have since, under heaven, 
been, through him and his worthy compatriots, so happily diffused 
through the free institutions of our government. He is gone from 
among us, but the recollection of his services, and his virtues, is indel- 
ibly engraven on our hearts. We feel a peculiar gratification, my 
honored brother, in beholding you standing where he has so often 
stood, and assisted in our labors of love. We would gladly avail our- 
selves of the occasion to testify to you our respect and fraternal 
regard, by receiving you into this our household. I have the pleasure 
of informing you that this lodge has to-day elected you an honorary 
member; and I am instructed to express to you our united, earnest 
request, that you will, before you leave us, inscribe your name upon 
the list of members. It already bears the names of Washington, 
Mercer, Woodtbrd, Weedon, and many others distinguished for their 
virtues, and whose names live in our country's history. It will be a 
lasting source of honorable pride to know that it also bears the name 
of La Fayette. Future members will peruse the proceedings of this 
day, and will delight to trace the characters inscribed by your hand." 

The General handsomely acknowledged the compliment conferred 
upon him, and said : 

" The pleasure I ever feel in our fraternal meetings, cannot but be 
enhanced, on this occasion, by the consideration that in this city the 



Visit to Virginia. 101 

first lessons of childhood — in this lodge, the first lights of Masonry — 
were conferred on the man who was first in all our hearts. In 
Masonry, he was our brother ; in matters of State, he was our father. 
I shall be happy, sir, to see my name with those respected names, most 
dear to my heart, which you have just mentioned. And I beg you all, 
my brethren, to accept my affectionate .thanks for the favor you have 
conferred on me, and which you, sir, have been pleased so kindly to 
announce." 

After these ceremonies were concluded, under the auspices of his 
Masonic brethren the Geneial attended the Episcopal church, where 
the Rev. Ed. C. McGuire officiated. After service, the General was 
conducted to his apartments, where he dined with a small company, 
in which were Judges Brooke and Coalter, and some few other citi- 
zens. He spent the evening in the company of a few of the relatives of 
Washmgton at Captain Robert Lewis's. 

On Monday, at lo o'clock, the military, accompanied by the La 
Fayette Cadets, proceeded to escort the General from his quarters to 
the Town Hall, and the General, alone in a chariotee drawn by four 
white horses, accompanied by the mayor and several distinguished 
persons in a carriage drawn by four black horses, the whole preceded 
by a corps of officers under the command of Colonels Cooke and Stuart, 
proceeded through the principal streets of the town, surrounded and 
followed by strangers and citizens, all evincing the utmost solicitude 
to behold him. As he passed, the fair sex greeted him in every direc- 
tion, and upon his arrival at the hall, hundreds of ladies thronged to 
welcome him. Here he was introduced to all who desired to greet 
him. At half-past 2 o'clock, the General and his suite were conducted 
to Mr. Gray's tavern, where a most sumptuous dinner had been pro- 
vided, to which about one hundred and twenty persons sat down, 
among whom were Hon. F. T. Brooke, Major Gabriel Long, and 
Colonel A. Maury, and other surviving officers and soldiers of the 
Revolution, The mayor presided at the first table, supported by Cap- 
tain George Buckner, vice-president ; and at the second, Judge 
Brooke, aided by Colonel Thomas Minor, vice-president. After the 
regular toasts were announced and drank, volunteer sentiments were 
offered by the mayor, Mr. Le Vasseur, Colonel Hugh Mercer, Wil- 
liam Bernard, Mr. Herard, and other gentlemen. 

At 5 o'clock, a damp was thrown upon the whole company by its 
being announced that the carriages waited to conduct the General on 
his way to Washington. The feeling evinced can only be known to 
those who have experienced how distressing it is to separate from 



102 General La Fayette's 

those they love, when it is probable they " part to meet no more. " 
For a mile or two, the road was thronged by the eager crowd, com- 
posed of ladies of the first respectability, and of all ages, who en- 
countered on foot the dangers and inconvenience of the situation to 
bid him adieu, again and again. 

At the boundary of Stafford county, the military from Fredericks- 
burg and Falmouth, with the La Fayette Cadets, formed in line, and 
the General bid them an affectionate adieu, and it was here that the 
committee of arrangements, through their officers, surrendered the 
conduct of the procession to the care of Colonel Cooke, and other 
officers and citizens of Stafford. The Colonel welcomed the guest in 
an affectionate and eloquent address, to which a feeling reply was 
given ; at the conclusion of which the procession moved on to the 
steamboat landing, distant eight miles, where an anxious crowd were 
assembled to greet and bid him adieu, and accordingly, escorted him 
to the steamboat amidst the blaze of torches and the music of the 
Marine Band. While the citizens were surrendering, with lingering 
compliance, to their brethren of Stafford, the charge of the personage 
around whom their affections were clinging with so much warmth, a 
little incident originated in the spontaneous effusion of the Cadets, 
which greatly heightened the feeling of the separation. When the 
carriage stopped in Stafford, this little corps was drawn up alongside 
of it. The General, bowing to them from the window, with the ten- 
derest affection, said, " Farewell, my little Guards. " In voices of 
faltering love, they all immediately responded, " Farewell, La Fay- 
ette." The sounds were caught along the line, and in hoarser echoes, 
"Farewell, La Fayette," was exclaimed by all. 

The following gentlemen were appointed the committee of arrange- 
ments, by the citizens of Fredericksburg, to make all suitable prepara- 
tions for the General's accommodation and entertainment, while he 
sojourned in that town, which service they performed in a handsome 
manner : 

Robert Lewis, mayor ; Claiborne Wiglesworth, recorder ; Thomas 
Minor, Benjamin Alsop, Waller Holladay, Hugh Mercer, Richard 
Johnson, Alexander F. Rose, Enock Mason, Garrett Minor, Hugh M. 
Patton, Duff Green, J. T. Lomax, O. M. Crutchfield, Carter L. Steven- 
son, Thomas Seddon, Robert S. Chew, Thomas B. Barton, David 
Briggs, William Jackson, Henry T. Phillips, and John S. Wellford. 



Visit to Virginia. 103 



VISIT TO JAMES MONROE AT OAKHILL. 

General La Fayette, before leaving the country, desired again to see 
some of his old Virginia friends, and especially him, who, as the head 
of the Government, had first welcomed him to the capital. He men- 
sioned the subject to Mr. Adams, who offered to accompany him on 
this visit, saying: ''that he would gladly take this occasion to go and 
present to his predecessor his tribute of veneration and attachment.'' 

On the 6th of August, we set out for Oakhill (says Mr. Le Vasseur), 
the seat of Mr. Monroe, which is thirty-seven miles from Washington, 
without an escort. Mr. Adams took the General and Mr. George La 
Fayette, with one of his friends, in his carriage. I rode in a tilbury 
with the President's son. At the Potomac bridge we stopped to pay 
the toll, and the gate-keeper, after counting the company and horses, 
received the money from the President, and allowed us to pass on ; 
but we had gone a very short distance, when we heard some one bawl- 
ing after us, " Mr. President ! Mr. President ! You have given eleven 
pence too little ! " Presently the gate-keeper arrived, out of breath, 
holding out the change he had received, and explaining the mistake 
made. The President heard him attentively, reexamined the money, 
and agreed that he was right, and ought to have another eleven pence. 
Just as the President was taking out his purse, the gate-keeper recog- 
nized General La Fayette in his carriage, and wished to return his 
toll, declaring that all gates and bridges were free to the nation's 
guest. Mr. Adams told him, that on this occasion General La Fayette 
travelled altogether privately, and not as the nation's guest, but 
simply as a friend of the President, and, therefore, was entitled to no 
exemption. With this reasoning, our gate-keeper was satisfied, and' 
received the money. Thus, during the course of his voyages in the 
United States, the General was but once subjected to the common 
rule of paying, and it was exactly upon the day in which he travelled 
with the Chief Magistrate — a circumstance which, probably, in every 
other country, would have conferred the privilege of passing free. 

We found the ex-President of the United States, now a farmer, 
pleasantly settled, with all his family, in a handsome house near his 
farm. Some of Mr. Monroe's friends had assembled to assist him in 
entertaining La Fayette. We passed three days in their company, and 
then the inhabitants of Leesburg, a small adjacent village, came, in 
company with the Loudoun County militia, to invite the presence of 
the nation's guest to an entertainment prepared for him. 



104 General La Fayette's 



RECEPTION AT LEESBURG. 

On Tuesday morning, the 9th of August, 1825, Mr. Ball, a member 
of the committee of arrangements, and Mr. Henderson, of the town 
council, waited on the illustrious guests, at Mr. Monroe's mansion, and 
invited them to Leesburg. The General and his suite bade adieu to 
the family of Mr. Monroe, and escorted by the troops of cavalry, 
commanded by Captains Chichester and Bradfield, set out for Lees- 
burg. The General, the President of the United States, the ex-Presi- 
dent, and Mr. Henderson, occupied a very handsome carriage, drawn 
by four elegant bay horses, provided for the occasion. Mr. G. W. 
La Fayette, Colonel Le Vasseur, and Mr. Ball, followed in another, 
and Judge Hay and the son of the President followed in the carriage 
of the President, and were themselves followed by other gentlemen, 
the visitors of the ex-President, invited to partake of the hospitalities 
of the county and village. 

The carriages proceeded to Leesburg, a distance of about nine 
miles, escorted by the cavalry and an advanced guard, commanded by 
Lieutenant Selden. As the procession drew near, the advance was 
announced by a national saluta, fired by Captain Shreve's company of 
artillery. Multitudes of people lined the road, and crowded forward 
to behold the veteran apostle of Liberty, attended by the Chief Magis- 
trate of a great and free people, and by one of his brave companions- 
in-arms, himself recently retired from the first honors of the republic. 

The guest of the nation, with his honored friends, alighted in the 
field of William M. McCarty, Esq., where, in the shade of an oak, he 
was introduced to Cuthbert Powell, Esq., chairman of the committee 
of arrangements, who welcomed him in terms of respect and affection, 
apt to the occasion, and in a manner at once feeling and grateful ; to 
which General La Fayette replied, with that felicity which seems 
never to forsake him. He was then introduced to the committee of 
arrangements, and to General Rust, the marshal of the day, and his 
aids. The General then received the military, assembled to honor 
him, consisting of two volunteer troops of cavalry, commanded by 
Captains Chichester and Bradfield ; and two rifle companies, com- 
manded by Captains Henry and Humphries ; and two companies of 
light infantry, commanded by Captains Moore and Cockerill, who, by 
their equipments and discipline, did credit to themselves and the 
county. 

After the review, under the same friendly oak, General La Fayette 



Visit to Virginia. • 105 

was introduced to a few of the soldiers of the Revolution. Their kind 
and manly greetings, and simple reference to days that are past, 
seemed to touch his heart with the tenderest emotions. Upon re- 
entering their carriages, the procession moved to Colonel Osborne's 
hotel, in front of which the streets were crowded with a multitude of 
persons, who remained orderly and silent, while the General was 
received by the mayor and common council of Leesburg. 

Dr. John H. McCabe, mayor of the town, then welcomed the 
General, in behalf of the corporation, in an interesting address, to 
which he replied in suitable terms. 

As soon as the ceremony had endpd, the General and his distin- 
guished friends were ushered into a large room of the hotel, neatly 
and tastefully prepared for the occasion. After some slight refresh- 
ments, they resumed their carriages, and the procession moved through 
Loudoun, Market, Back, Cornwall, and King streets. Between the 
gate of the court-house square and the portico of the court-house, an 
avenue had been formed, by a line on the right, of young ladies of 
the Leesburg Female Academy, under the care of Miss Helen McCor- 
mick and Mrs. Lawrence, and by other young ladies, who joined 
them. The line of young ladies was particularly interesting, and 
attracted general admiration. The young ladies were dressed in 
white, with blue sashes, and their heads were tastefully adorned with 
evergreens. They held sprigs of laurel in their hands, which they 
strewed in the way as the General passed them. The General 
gracefully bowed to these sweet welcomers with a bright and animated 
countenance. Mrs. Lawrence and Miss McCormick deserved and 
received much praise for the taste they displayed in this array of their 
pupils. As the General proceeded toward the portico, in front of 
him, he was met by a son of L. P. W. Balch, Esq., of Leesburg, who 
repeated to him a very neat address, in a manner that delighted him. 
He then proceeded to the portico of the court-house ; upon ascending 
it, a very pretty and interesting little girl, who stood at the extremity 
of the line of young ladies, holding a wreath of laurels, advanced and 
hailed him in the following verses : 

Hail ! patriot, statesman, hero, sage ; 

Hail 1 freedom's friend ! Hail, Gallias's sou ! 
Whose laurels greener grow in age, 

Plucked by the side of Washington. 

Hail ! champion, in a holy cause ! 

When hostile bands our shores beset, 
Whose valor bade the oppressor pause, 

Hail ! holy warrior. La Fayette ! 



106 General La Fayette's 

As soon as she had ended, the General, taking the hand of the young 
speaker, saluted her. 

Ludwell Lee, Esq., on the part of the citizens of Loudoun county, 
then addressed the General in a patriotic speech, to which he replied 
in a handsome manner. 

At 4 o'clock the General, the President, and ex-President of the 
United States, with the General's suite, were escorted to the court- 
house square, in which, under an extensive awning, a splendid and 
elegant dinner, prepared by Mr. Henry Peers, was set out and taste- 
fully ornamented by arches of evergreens with appropriate devices 
and mottoes. 

Ludwell Lee, Esq., presided, supported by William Ellzey, Cuth- 
bert Powell, William M. McCarty, and Richard Henderson, Esqs. , 
as vice-presidents. The toasts given were numerous, and many of 
them excellent. When the fourth toast was announced — viz., 

"John Quincy Adams, President of the United States — nurLured in 
the public service; the ability with which he has filled the most subor- 
dinate stations, is a sure pledge that, in the highest, he will be an 
honor and ornament to his country " — 

Mr. Adams rose, and addressing the president of the table, begged 
leave to return his thanks to the company for the high and unexpected 
honor conferred upon him, and to express to them the great gratifica- 
tion he felt in having formed their acquaintance, as the companion, 
and under the auspices, of our common friend seated at the president's 
side, and of his own revered friend and predecessor, seated at his own 
side. 

In allusion, and having reference to them, instead of answering the 
compliment which the company had paid him, as was usual, by a 
compliment direct to themselves, he would propose a sentiment, that, 
he was sure, would be more congenial to their own feelings, while it 
would do justice to his own. 

Mr. Adams then gave the following finely-conceived and well-ex- 
pressed toast : 

" The living records of the War of Independence — like the pro- 
phetic books of the sibyl, increasing in value as they diminish in 
numbers." 

The next toast drank was the following : 

" General La Fayette — the inflexible votary of Liberty in both 
hemispheres, the benefactor of America, the friend of man — every eye 
beholds him with delight." 



Visit to Virginia. 107 

This toast was received with the most enthusiastic cheering, upon 
which the venerated La Fayette expressed his acknowledgments, and 
gave the following toast : 

" The county of Loudoun and the town of Leesburg — May the re- 
publican blessings of independence, freedom, and equal rights, be as 
everlasting among them as a presidential message of their fellow- 
citizen. Colonel Monroe, had proved serviceable to the sister republics 
of the American hemisphere, and impressive on the anti-republican 
councils of European aristocracy and despotism." 

The sixth toast was the following : 

''James Monroe — Late our President, now our fellow-citizen and 
neighbor. His administration has fully won the plaudits of the 
nation ; and we rejoice that he has come among us, that we may 
superadd private friendship to public gratitude." 

The company testified their approbation to the sentiment of this 
toast, by long and continued cheering. 

Mr. Monroe then rose, and addressed to the President the following 
remarks and toast, which, too, were loudly cheered : 

" I cannot convey, in terms sufficiently strong, my sensibility to the 
favorable sentiments which you have expressed of my conduct in the 
administration of the Government. Conscious of having exerted my 
best faculties in support of our republican system, and to promote, in 
all respects, the welfare of my country, the approbation of my conduct 
by my fellow-citizens is the most consoling reward that can be be- 
stowed on me. 

" Having witnessed the gallant and patriotic exertion of our esti- 
mable friend, General La Fayette, in our Revolution, in which he 
rendered the most important services, being well acquainted, also, with 
his conduct since, in which he has evinced the most consistent and 
persevering" devotion to the cause of Liberty in every stage, and in 
every the most trying situation in which he has been placed, I have 
thought that the invitation given to him by Congress to revisit the 
United States, and the affectionate and generous manner in which he 
has been received by our follow-citizens throughout the United States, 
do to the nation the highest honor. I have attended him to this 
meeting as a renewed testimony of my high respect and personal re- 
gard for him, and it has afforded me great pleasure to unite in it with 
our Chief Magistrate, the President of the United States, who sup- 
ported the measures of the late administration, in which he was asso- 
ciated, with great zeal and ability. 



108 General La Fayette's 

" I beg you to be assured that the kind feelings which you have 
expressed on the part of my fellow-citizens of this county, for me per- 
sonally, are reciprocated, and that I anticipate great satisfaction in 
future from a free and friendly intercourse with them." 

Mr. Monroe then gave the following toast : 

"The American Revolution : The most important event to mankind 
that history has recorded. May we be forever faithful to its princi- 
ples, and may our country, by the force of example, be useful to other 
nations." 

Volunteer toasts were given by the following gentlemen, viz. : 
George Hay, General Rust, Richard H. Henderson, Colonel William 
Ellzey, William M. McCarty, Cuthbert Powell, Dr. John H. Mc- 
Cabe, Richard H. Lee, William T. T. Mason, Colonel Mercer, Colo- 
nel Samuel M. Edwards, L. P. W. Balch, Thomas R. Mott, B. W. 
Sower, George W. Macrae, Captain B. Shreve, S. Bailey, William 
Noland, Captain S. Dawson, Dr. Thomas F. Tebbs, Captain Asa Ro- 
gers, Dr. William L. Powell, James M. Lewis, Rev. S. Tuston, John 
A. Binns, Major W. F. Thornton, John M. McCarty, Colonel A. 
Alexander, G. Washington, James Mcllhany, S. Blincoe, Dr. George 
Lee, Captain Page, John Strider, T. H. Saunders, William Jenney, 
Daniel Cary, and others. 

Just before the company left the table, Mr. Adams rose, and address- 
ing them, said that having, in return for the honor they had done him, 
by the sentiments they had been pleased to express, associated with 
his name, given a toast of a general import, without direct reference 
to them, he could not part from them without again returning his 
thanks for the kindness and hospitality he had this day experienced. 
Under the influence of this sentiment, he would take his leave of 
them by proposing, 

" Leesburg : May its future prosperity correspond with the splendor 
of the Revolutionary services of the family from which it derives its 
name. " 

The guests spent the evening at the residence of W. T. T. Maron, 
Esq., who took the occasion to have two young daughters baptized, 
for one of whom General La Fayette stood god-father, and for the 
other, the late and present President. After spending the night at the 
mansion of Ludwell Lee, Esq., the General and party returned to 
Washington on Wednesday. 



Visit to Virginia. 109 



A SCENE FULL OF SIMPLICITY AND PATHOS. 

Le Vasseur relates a touching scene which occurred a few miles from 
Norfolk, in February, 1825, when the General was on his way to the 
South. He says : 

" We were obliged to stop for some time before a small, solitary inn 
upon the road, for the purpose of refreshing our horses. We were 
sitting in our carriage, when the landlord presented himself, asked to 
see the General, and eagerly pressed him to alight for a moment, and 
come into his house. 'If,' said he, 'you have only five minutes to 
stay, do not refuse them, for they will be to me so many minutes of 
happiness.' The General yielded to his entreaty, and we followed 
him into a lower room, where we observed a plainness bordering on 
poverty, but a remarkable degree of cleanness. ' Welcome, La 
Fayette,' was inscribed with charcoal upon the white wall, enwreathed 
with boughs from the fir trees of the neighboring woods. Near the 
fire-place, where pine wood was crackling, stood a small table, covered 
with a very neat napkin, and covered with some decanters containing 
biandy and whiskey ; by the side of a plate covered with glasses, was 
another plate filled with neatly-arranged slices of bread. These mod- 
est refreshments were tendered with a kindness and cordiality which 
greatly enhanced their value. Whilst we were partaking of them, the 
landlord disappeared, but returned a moment after, accompanied by 
his wife, carrying her little boy, about three or four years of age, whose 
fresh and plump cheeks evinced the tenderness and care with which he 
had been cherished. The father, after first presenting his wife, next 
took his child in his arms, and having placed one of his little hands 
in the hand of the General, made him repeat, with much emphasis, the 
following : ' General La Fayette ! I thank you for the liberty which 
you have won for my father, for my mother, for myself, for my coun- 
try.' While the child was speaking, the father and mother eyed the 
General with the most tender regard, and tears they were unable to 
suppress proved that their gratitude was vivid and profound. 

*' Were I to judge from what I myself felt, on witnessing this simple 
yet sublime scene. General La Fayette must have found this one of the 
most pleasing moments of his life. He could not conceal his emo- 
tions, but having tenderly embraced the child, took refuge in his 
carriage, bearing with him the blessings of this family, wortliy of the 
freedom they enjoyed." 



110 General La Fayette's 



HIS RETURN TO VIRGINIA. 



Soon after the General's return to Washington, he expressed a desire 
to return to Monticello, to bid farewell to his old friend, Mr. Jefferson, 
before he left the United States. Accordingly, in August, he paid 
him a visit. Again he was invited to a public dinner at the Univer- 
sity, by the Faculty and students of that institution. William Ballard 
Preston made him a handsome speech, to which he returned the fol- 
lowing reply : 

"Amidst the painful emotions of my too speedy departure from the 
shores of the United States, and anguish most keenly felt on the fare- 
well visit to your paternal Rector, my illustrious and venerated friend, 
I feel highly gratified in the opportunity you have given me of a per- 
sonal acquaintance with all of you, gentlemen, professors, and students 
of this young, yet already celebrated, University of Virginia — a 
university upon whom, it is already understood, in both hemispheres, 
that those feelings and talents are, as a family inheritance, forever 
entailed, by which the rights of man, national independence, religious, 
civil, political liberty and equality, have been eloquently promulgated 
and strenuously promoted. Nor can I think of the ancient and en- 
dearing connections of the old and recent obligations to the State of 
Virginia, which you have been pleased so kindly to mention, without 
feeling a particular delight at the sight of this new great luminary of 
knowledge and patriotism, where the principles and sentiments of ana- 
lyzed philosophy, philanthropy, and republicanism, cannot fail to be 
diffused. To those general anticipations in which I cordially sympa- 
thise with you ; to my best wishes for the prosperity of the University, 
and of every one of you, gentlemen, permit me to add the expression 
of my affectionate gratitude." 

The company then repaired to the pavilion of Professor Tucker, and 
to those of the other professors respectively, where they partook of 
refreshments. Upon the approach of the General to the rotunda, he 
was again addressed by John H. Lee, on behalf of the "Jefferson So- 
ciety," and informed that he had been elected aoi honorary member of 
that society. 

At 3 o'clock a sumptuous dinner was spread in the rotunda, which 
had been prepared by Messrs. Chapman and Spotswood. Mr. Mon- 
roe, William Wirt, Attorney-General of the United States ; Judge 
Carr, of the Court of Appeals of Virginia, and other distinguished 
guests, were present. Various appropriate and patriotic toasts were of- 



Visit to Virginia. Ill 

fered by Professor Tucker, Professor Emmet, Professor Bonnycastle, 
Professor Key, Dr. Blo2tterman, General La Fayette, Mr. Mason, A. G. 
Ward, S. F. Edmunds, W. C. Nelson, J. E. Marshall, W. D. Sims, 
John H. Lee, R. Wallace, W. B. Preston, C. L. Bankhead, John B. 
Magruder, and P. H. Shackelford. 

Le Vasseur says : 

"At Albemarle we were rejoined by Mr. Monroe, whom we now 
found invested with a new public character. Faithful to the doctrine 
that a citizen should always be entirely at the service of his country, 
he did not think that his title of late President of the Republic with- 
held him from being useful to his countrymen ; and he had, therefore, 
accepted the office of justice of the peace, to which he had been elected ' 
by the confidence and suffrages of the people of his county. Mr. Madi- 
son had also left his retreat, and rejoined us on the road to Monticello, 
whither the General went to take leave of his old friend, Jefferson, 
whose enfeebled health kept him at present in a state of feeble inac- 
tion. The meeting at Monticello of three men, who, by their suc- 
cessive elevation to the Supreme Magistracy of the State, had given to 
their country twenty-four years of prosperity and glory, and who still 
offered it the example of private virtue, was a sufficient strong induce- 
ment to make us stay there a longer time ; but indispensable duties 
recalled General La Fayette to Washington, and he was obliged to 
take leave of his friends. 

" I shall not attempt to depict the sadness which prevailed at this 
cruel separation, which had none of the alleviation which is usually 
left to youth, for, in this instance, the individuals who bade farewell, 
had all passed through a long career, and the immensity of the ocean 
would still add to the difficulties of a reiinion." 

LA Fayette's visit to culpeper in 1825. 

From the Journal of his Comrade-in-Arms, Captain Philip Slaughter. 

" Major Gabriel Long and myself were deputed by the committee of 
arrangements of Culpeper to wait upon General La Fayette at Mont- 
pelier, the seat of ex-President Madison, in Orange, and invite him 
to dine at Culpeper Courthouse on 22d of August, 1825. We started 
from my house on the 21st, with two carriages, and remained at Mont- 
pelier that night. We left there with General La Fayette and suite, 
at 5}^ A. M., and breakfasted at Verdier's Tavern at Orange Court- 
house, at 7)^, where I introduced him to many ladies and gentlemen. 
Leaving at 8}4, we reached Crooked run, the county line, at 10^ 



112 General La Fayette's 

o'clock. Here we were met by Colonel Jonathan Catlett Gibson, 
with an escort of fifty mounted volunteers, and a great many ladies 
and gentlemen, to whom I introduced the General. We reached 
Greenwood (the seat of Judge Green), within a mile of Culpeper 
Courthouse, at i o'clock. Our guests went into the house and par- 
took of some refreshments, attended by Mrs. Green, Mrs. Patton, Mrs. 
Slaughter, and others. Colonel Gibson's troop paraded. All dis- 
mounted and ranged themselves at their horses' heads, and General 
La Fayette, at his own request, was introduced to each man indi- 
vidually ; and Judge Green treated all hands with tOddy. We reached 
the Courthouse before 2 o'clock, and the General and suite alighted 
at the Rev. Alonzo Welton's house, who kindly offered it for their use. 
After resting for half an hour, we conducted the party to the Mason's 
Hall, where John Shackelford addressed him and the citizens in a very 
handsome manner, and the General made an appropriate reply. We 
introduced him to the ladies first, then to the Revolutionary soldiers, 
and then to the citizens, who ranged themselves in the street for that 
purpose. After resting in his lodging half an hour, we escorted him 
to dinner, furnished by Jere Strother, under a tent in a garden, which 
tent ^yas covered with five hundred yards of brown linen. We had 
an elegant dinner, and drank thirty toasts — thirteen for the old States, 
&c. At 5^ o'clock, the General and suite returned to Mr. Welton's. 

"At 9 P. M., we conducted our guests to a ball given in their honor 
at the Masons' Hall. After supper, I waited on them to their lodging. 

" At 6 o'clock A. M. Tuesday, August 23d, I had the carriage at 
the door, and I directed the cavalry to mount, and proceeding, 
we reached Jeffersonton (fifteen miles), on the Fauquier road, at 9 
o'clock. The citizens of Jeffersonton, and of its vicinity, to the 
number of several hundred, being arranged in two ranks, General 
La Fayette and suite, attended by a handsome escort of cavalry, 
passed through them, to the portico of Mr. R. Bayse's tavern, 
where they were received by the committee of arrangements, and 
a very appropriate address was delivered to the General by Colonel 
Samuel A. Storrow, to which the former responded, to the heart-felt 
gratification of the hearers. They next repaired to Mr. John Reed's 
house, where a private room had been prepared for their accommoda- 
tion ; and after having rested a short time, they were conducted by 
the committee to a breakfast, which had been prepared for the occa- 
sion under a spacious and commodious arbor at the west end of Mr. 
Bayse's tavern. After breakfast, they were again conducted to Mr. 
Reed's, in whose portico, a large collection of ladies being assembled, 



Visit to Virginia. 113 

the General and ex-President Monroe were introduced to them all 
individually, Colonel Daniel Ward announcing their names as they 
were presented. This being gone through, and the guests having 
taken a short respite, the gentlemen were arranged in a semi-circle, 
extending from Mr. Reed's portico to Mr. Bayse's tavern, and the 
General, passing along the line, gave each one a cordial and affection- 
ate shake by the hand. 

"The General then repaired to the private room, where they waited 
for the preparation of the escort, which being ready, the committee 
conducted them to their carriages. The parting ceremony between 
the committee and their guests being now most affectionately per- 
formed, and a considerable number of citizens on horseback attaching 
themselves to the rear, they all together moved off, while the remain- 
ing citizens gazed, with mingled emotions of sorrow and delight, on 
the carriage which bore away the friend of their liberty and the sus- 
tainer of their rights. At the Fauquier line, General La Fayette and 
suite were received by the marshals, and an elegant escort of cavalry, 
sent from Warrenton for the purpose." 

GENERAL LA FAYETTE's RECEPTION IN FAUQUIER. 

About II o'clock, on the 23d of August, General La Fayette, his 
son, and secretary, Mr. Le Vasseur, Colonel Monroe, Major Gabriel 
Long, Colonel Robert Randolph, Thomas T. Fauntleroy, and Thomas 
P. Knox, Esqs., who had been requested to visit the General at Cul- 
peper Courthouse, on behalf of the citizens of Fauquier, accompanied 
by a large escort of gentlemen from the county of Culpeper, arrived on 
the north bank of the Rappahannock, which divides the two counties, 
where a deputation of the committee of arrangements of this county, 
provided with carriages to convey him and his suite to Warrenton, 
and a troop of cavalry in uniform, commanded by Captain Cowles, of 
the Eighty-fifth, and a large number of citizens, were awaiting his 
arrival. After making an impressive adieu to the citizens of Culpeper, 
he was addressed by Inman Horner, Esq., on behalf of the citizens of 
Fauquier, to the following effect : 

^^ General La Fayette: We have been commissioned by the citi- 
zens of Fauquier to receive you. In their name, and individually, 
we congratulate you upon your visit. It will afford a fit opportunity 
to express the gratitude cherished by all for your great services and 
undeviating friendship to America, in every vicissitude. Permit us to 
greet you as a' friend and as a father." 

15 



114 General La Fayette's 

To which the General replied briefly and appropriately. The guests 
being seated in their carriages, and the escort formed, they moved on 
to Warrenton. Near the town, they were met by Captain Walden, 
with his company of light infantry ; by Captain F. M. Brooke, with 
his company of artillery, and by Captain Shacklett, with his troop 
of cavalry, all in complete uniform, with the Marine Band from 
Washington ; also, by the La Fayette Guards, a company of between 
fifty and sixty boys, dressed in appropriate uniform, with badges, who 
had a few days before associated themselves together under the super- 
intendence and command of Mr. James Cowles, of this place, for the 
purpose of doing honor to the distinguished visitor. 

These having joined the escort, and followed by an immense con- 
course of citizens, the whole moved through the principal street 
up to the portico of the court-house, where a crowd, supposed to 
amount to about five or six thousand, had assembled. Thomas L. 
Moore, Esq., delivered to the General a handsome address of wel- 
come ; to which the General replied in a very warm and affectionate 
manner. 

After the reply, he was conducted, with his suite and invited guests, 
to the elegant rooms, prepared for his reception, at Mrs. Norris's tavern, 
and where, with many Revolutionary officers and soldiers, he partook 
of the refreshments provided for them. About 2 o'clock he was con- 
ducted to his private room, byR. H Rose, Esq., one of the committee 
of arrangements, and at 4 a large company sat down to a sumptuous and 
elegant dinner, prepared by Mrs. Norris, under a handsome arbor, on 
the beautiful green in front of the tavern. Colonel R. Randolph pre- 
sided, assisted by William Payne, Francis W. Brooke, Thomas L. 
MoorC; Thomas Turner, and Thomas Marshall, Esqs., as vice- 
presidents. After the cloth was removed, various patriotic toasts were 
announced by the president and drank by the company, succeeded by 
appropriate music from the Marine Band. 

When the toast, " James Monroe — the approbation of ten millions of 
freemen the best evidence of his exalted merit and spotless integrity," 
was announced, Mr. Monroe arose, and after acknowledging, in 
strong terms, the favorable sentiments expressed by the citizens of 
Fauquier, of his conduct in public life, and taking an interesting re- 
view of the very meritorious services rendered to his country and the 
cause of liberty, in Europe as well as in America, by General La Fay- 
V^ ette, gave the following toast : 

" The exalted merit and very important services rendered by Gen- 
eral La Fayette, in our Revolution, entitle him to the gratitude of our 



Visit to Virginia. 115 

Union. The proofs which have been afforded by the whole nation 
that he possesses it, have vindicated republican government against 
the calumnies heretofore bestowed upon it." 

When the toast, ''General La Fayette — neither time, nor titles, nor 
dungeons, have abated the love of the patriot for the liberty of 
nations,'V was announced, General La Fayette rose and said, "that, 
having had this day a most gratifying occasion to present the people 
of Fauquier with the tribute of his warm gratitude and affectionate 
devotion, he would not now further trespass than to express the high 
value he set by the approbation of his friend and companion. Colonel 
Monroe, and his grateful sense of the obligation his family had been 
under to him, in very gloomy circumstances. He proposed the follow-^ 
ing toast : ^^ 

" The old Virginia Line, the militia of 1781, and the present gene- 
ration of Fauquier — may the Revolutionary services of the fathers find 
an everlasting reward in the republican prosperity and happiness of 
their children." <*i^ 

When the toast, " John Marshall, the soldier, the statesman, the ^ 
jurist — our country with exultation points to her son," was announced, 
and after the cheering j which was loud and repeated, had ceased. 
General Marshall rose and addressed the company as follows : 

"It would not be easy, gentlemen, to express my thanks for the 
kindness which I have experienced to-day, in terms which would 
do justice to the emotions it has excited. To be associated in any 
manner with the illustrious guests, among whom I am placed, cannot 
fail to be highly gratifying to . my feelings. Among them I see the 
oldest surviving officer of the Revolutionary army, one who relin- 
quished all the pleasures and enjoyments which Europe could furnish, 
to encounter the dangers and share the toils and privations which were 
the lot of all those who engaged in our struggle for independence, who 
has since devoted himself to that glorious cause which brought him 
to our country, and who, through all the vicissitudes of his eventful 
life, has been its steadfast champion — neither subdued by adversity, 
nor too much elevated by prosperity. 

" I perceive, also, a person on whom his fellow-citizens have be- 
stowed" the highest office in their gift, the arduous duties of which he 
has discharged in such a manner as to secure the continuance of their 
confidence and esteem. In him I am proud to recognize one of my 
earliest associates ; one with whom I have frequently acted in the most 
trying scenes ; for whom I have felt, and still retain, the most affec- 



116 General La Fayette's 

donate and respectful esteem, without a taint of that bitter spirit 
which has been too long the scourge of our country. To be con- 
nected with these gentlemen in any place, on any occasion, would be 
my pride and my pleasure ; but to be associated with them by your 
kindness, gentlemen, and in this place, brings up recollections which 
must ever be most dear to my heart. I can never forget that this 
county was the residence of the revered author of my being, who 
continued to be your representative, until his military character first, 
and his removal afterwards, rendered him ineligible ; that in this 
county I first breathed the vital air ; that in it my infancy was cradled 
and my youth reared up and encouraged ; that in the first dawn of 
manhood I marched from it with the gallant young men of the day 
to that glorious conflict which gave independence to these states, and 
birth to this mighty nation ; that immediately on my return, I was 
chosen almost unanimously to represent them in the Legislature, and 
that they did not cease to support me till I ceased to reside among 
them. Here my affections, as well as my interests, shall remain, and 
all my sons are planted among you. With so many motives for re- 
ceiving the kindness of to-day with peculiar gratitude, allow me, gen- 
tlemen, to indulge the feelings it excites, by giving as a toast — 

"The people of Fauquier : Brave soldiers in time of war, good 
r citizens in time of peace, and intelligent patriots at all times." 



U 



Volunteer toasts were offered by the following gentlemen : 

Thomas Marshall, Inman Horner, Thomas Turner, R. Brent, Colonel 
Monroe, Colonel Wallace, Thomas T. Fauntleroy, John S. Horner, 
Judge Dade, Dr. T. T. Withers, F. W. Brooke, William F. Phillips, 
and Henry M. Clarkson. 

The festivities of the table closed after sunset, when the company 
separated to prepare for the reception of the ladies, in one of the 
rooms of Mrs. Norris, which is indeed one of the most spacious and 
elegant rooms in this part of Virginia, and had been very tastefully 
and beautifully ornamented, by the ladies of the town, with evergreens 
and flowers. 

General La Fayette entered the room about 7 o'clock, with Colonel 
Monroe — who is almost a neighbor, and personally acquainted with 
many of our citizens — and General Marshall. The room, large as it 
is, was soon filled with ladies, and gentlemen attending them ; who 
were introduced to the distinguished personages. This scene of gayety 
and pleasure, during which refreshments were distributed, continued 



Visit to Virginia. 117 

till near lo o'clock, when the company began to depart, and the 
General retired to his apartments. 

In the morning, General La Fayette, politely referring to the inci- 
dents of the preceding day, which seemed to be so gratifying to all 
others as well as himself, mentioned his little guards, and expressed 
himself so warmly and affectionately as to induce Mr. Cowles to sum- 
mon the little fellows again into line — they were still hovering about. 
The General passed along the line, and taking each by the hand, gave 
them an affectionate greeting, which they will never forget. 

About noon, he set out with Colonel Monroe, General Marshall, and 
his suite, attended by a number of gentlemen on horseback, for the 
residence of Colonel Monroe, about twenty-six miles distant. 

By particular invitation, they called at the village of New Baltimore, 
Fauquier county, and they were received with great cordiality. After 
partaking of refreshments prepared particularly by Mr. James M. 
Halley, they departed, accompanied by a large number of citizens. 
At Buckland, four miles further on, he was solicited to call, which he 
kindly did, and remained for near half an hour with a large number 
of ladies and gentlemen, at Mrs. Brooks's, where refreshments were 
again prepared. 

DINNER TO GENERAL LA FAYETTE, BY THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED 
STATES, ON THE 1ST OF JANUARY, 1825. 

At half-past 4 o'clock, the front rooms of Williamson's range of build- 
ings were thrown open for the company. In about an hour afterwards, 
the President of the United States, accompanied by his secretaries, 
entered the room. At half-past 5 o'clock, General La Fayette arrived, 
attended by his son, and his secretary, Mr. Le Vasseur. And at 6 
o'clock, the company (which, including the invited guests, amounted 
to about two hundred,) sat down to dinner. Mr. Galliard, President 
pro tern, of the Senate, and Mr. Clay, the Speaker of the House of 
Representatives, presided. On the right of Mr. Galliard, sat the 
President of the United States, and on his left, General La Fayette, 
supported by his Revolutionary brethren. On the right of Mr. Clay, 
sat the Secretary of State, and on his left, the Secretary of War. 

The hall was adorned with pictures and flags, arranged with great 
elegance and taste. The flags from the War and Navy Departments 
were obtained for the occasion, and contributed to revive in the mind, 
associations dear to the heart of every American. 

After the cloth was removed, many patriotic toasts were drunk, 



118 General La Fayette's 

accompanied by appropriate music from the Marine Band, and were 
received by the company with great enthusiasm. When the following 
toast was given, " The President of the United States — Our respecta- 
bility abroad, and prosperity at home, are the best eulogy of his 
administration," the whole company rose with one accord. Deeply 
affected, the President rose, and, with much feeling, addressed the 
company as follows : 

" I cannot but be deeply affected by the generous sentiments which 
you have expressed in favor of my conduct in the high trust which I 
have so long held from my country. In our respectability abroad, and 
prosperity at home, no one can take a more profound interest than I 
do. It is to the virtue and intelligence of our fellow-citizens that we 
owe our success ; and I see in it the most decisive proof of the excel- 
lence and stability of our republican institutions. That I have exerted 
my best faculties, in a long course of public service, to support these 
institutions, and to promote the welfare and happiness of our Union, 
is most certain. To secure this public acknowledgment from so distin- 
guished an assembly, on an occasion so highly interesting and honor- 
able to the nation, affords me a gratification which I shall forever 
cherish." 

When this toast was announced, " General La Fayette, the great 
apostle of national liberty — unawed by the frowns of tyranny, unin- 
fluenced by the blandishments of wealth, and unseduced by popular 
applause — the same in the castle of Olmutz as in the active scenes of 
his labor and the height of his renown" — General La Fayette rose and 
thus expressed himself: 

^^ Gentlemen of both Houses : I want words to express the respectful, 
grateful sense I have of all the favors and kindnesses you are pleased 
to confer on me. I hope you will do justice to the warm feelings of 
an American heart, and I beg leave to propose the following toast : 

" Perpetual union among the United States — it has saved us in our 
times of danger; it will save the world." 

The committee of arrangements were, Colonel Hayne, of South 
Carolina ; Colonel R. M. Johnson, of Kentucky, and Mr. Mills, of 
Massachusetts, on the part of the Senate ; and Major Hamilton, of 
South Carolina, General Van Renssalaer, of New York, and General 
McArthur, of Ohio, on the part of the House of Representatives. 
The utmost harmony and enthusiasm prevailed, and on the whole, the 
feast was one of the finest displays of generous and ardent feeling 
which has ever been witnessed. 



Visit to Virginia. , 119 

It was another one added to the many proud days which public grati- 
tude has marked in the calendar of La Fayette, and it was distin- 
guished by circumstances which gave to it a new and striking char- 
acter. It was placing the top-stone to the pillar of striking regard to 
its illustrious guest ; and the representatives from every State contri- 
buted to the work. At the same time that it exhibited the greetings of 
every state, through its representatives, to our distinguished visitor, it 
also displayed the deep regard with which our venerable president, 
Mr. Monroe, is contemplated by the legislative branches of the gov- 
ernment, and the anxiety, in which all participated, to oifer him an 
unusual tribute of esteem. Altogether, it may be considered one of 
the proudest days in the annals of our country — a day to which the 
attention of our own times will be riveted, and which will be told with 
high satisfaction to our remote posterity. 

DEPARTURE OF LA FAYETTE FROM AMERICA. 

On Wednesday, September 7th, 1825, General La Fayette took his 
departure from the seat of government, on his return to his native 
country. All business was suspended in the city during the day. At 
an early hour, the corps of marines, the volunteer companies of the 
first brigade of the District, and those of the Alexandria brigade, were 
on the grounds designated, on the President's Square, where they 
were joined by Governor Spriggs' and Captain Dunlop's troops of 
cavalry, from the State of Maryland, the whole formed and in waiting 
to take up the escort. 

The board of aldermen and the common councils of the three 
cities of the District, headed by their respective mayors, entered the 
President's house about 12 o'clock, and having been arranged in a cir- 
cle by the marshals, the President of the United States appeared 
before the entrance which leads to the drawing-room, supported on 
each side by the heads of departments, and officers, civil and military. 
Several members of Congress, and other distinguished citizens, also 
formed part of the group. The company having waited some min- 
utes in silence, a side-door was opened, and General La Fayette 
entered the hall, attended by the marshal of the District and one of 
the sons of the President, and presented himself in the vacant space 
within the circle, and at a suitable distance to receive the address of 
the President. Mr. Adams then, with much dignity, but with evi- 
dent emotion, delivered in a clear, distinct, and very impressive man- 
ner, an eloquent addresS; expressive of the great admiration and sin- 



120 • General La Fayette's 

cere gratitude and affection of the American people for tlie General, 
and concluded in these words : 

" You are now about to return to the country of your birth, of your 
ancestors, of your posterity. The executive government of the 
Union, stimulated by the same feeling which had prompted the Con- 
gress to the designation of a national ship for your accommodation in 
coming hither, has destined the first service of a frigate, recently 
launched in this metropolis, to the less welcome, but equally distin- 
guished, trust of carrying you home. 

" The ship is now prepared for your reception and equipped for sea. 
From the moment of her departure, the prayers of millions will ascend 
to heaven that her passage may be prosperous, and your return to the 
bosom of your family as propitious to your happiness as your visit to 
this scene of your youthful glory has been to that of the American 
people. 

**Go, then, our beloved friend ; return to the land of brilliant genius, 
of generous sentiment, of heroic valor; to that beautiful France, the 
nursing mother of the Twelfth Louis and the Fourth Henry; to the 
native soil of Bayard and Coligni, of Turenne and Catinat, of Fenelon 
and D'Aguesseau. In that illustrious catalogue of names, which she 
claims as of her children, and, with honest pride, holds up to the ad- 
miration of other nations, the name of La Fayette has already for 
centuries been enrolled, and it shall henceforth burnish into brighter 
fame , for if, in after years, a Frenchman shall be called upon to indi- 
cate the character of his nation by that of one individual, during the 
age in which we live, the blood of lofty patriotism shall mantle his 
cheek, the fire of conscious virtue shall sparkle in his eye, and he shall 
pronounce the name of La Fayette. Yet we, too, and our children in 
life, and after death, shall claim you for our own. You are ours, 
by that more than patriotic self-devotion with which you flew to the 
aid of our fathers at the crisis of their fate — ours, by that long series 
of years in which you have cherished us in your regard — ours, by that 
tie of love, stronger than death, which has linked your name, for the 
endless ages of time, with the name of Washington. 

** At the painful moment of parting from you, we take comfort in 
the thought, that wherever you may be, to the last pulsation of your 
heart, our country will be ever present to your affections ; and a 
cheerful consolation assures us, that we are not called to sorrow, most 
of all, that we shall see your face no more. We shall indulge the 
pleasing anticipation of beholding our friend again. In the mean- 



Visit to Virginia. 121 

time, speaking in the name of the whole people of the United States, 
and at a loss only for language to give utterance to that feeling of 
attachment with which the heart of the nation beats as the heart of 
one man, I bid you a reluctant and affectionate farewell." 

The General listened with deep attention, and at the close of the 
address, embraced the President in his arms, saluting, in the French 
manner, on each cheek. 

The General, in reply, expressed, in most touching terms, his pro- 
found gratitude and thanks for the kind and gracious receptions he 
had received from the American people ; and, in conclusion, said : 

"I shall content myself to proclaim my cordial confirmation of 
every one of the sentiments which I have had daily opportunities pub- 
licly to utter, from the time when your ven rable predecessor, my old 
brother-in-arms and friend, transmitted to me the honorable invitation 
of Congress, to this day, when you, my dear sir, whose friendly con- 
nection with me dates from your earliest youth, are going to consign 
me to the protection, across the Atlantic, of the heroic national flag, 
on board of the splendid ship, the name of which has been not the 
less flattering and kind among the numberless favors conferred on me. 

" God bless you, sir, and you all who surround us ! God bless the 
American people, each of their States, and the Federal Government ! 
Accept this patriotic farewell of an overflowing heart : such will be its 
last throb when it ceases to beat." 

As the last sentence was pronounced, the General advanced, and, 
while the tears poured over his venerable cheek, again took the Presi- 
dent in his arms. He retired a few paces, but, overcome by his feel- 
ings, again returned, and uttering, in broken accents, "God bless 
you," fell once more on the neck of Mr. Adams. It was a scene at 
once solemn and moving, as the sighs and stealing tears of many who 
witnessed it bore testimony Having recovered his self-possession, 
the General stretched out his hands, and was in a moment surrounded 
by the greetings of the whole assembly, who pressed upon hmi, each 
eager to seize, perhaps for the last time, that beloved hand which was 
opened so freely for our aid, whee aid was so precious, and which 
grasped, with firm and undeviating hold, the steel which so bravely 
helped to achieve our deliverance. The expression which now beamed 
from the face of this exalted man was of the finest and most touching 
kind. The hero was lost in the father and the friend ; dignity melted 
into subdued affection, and the friend of Washington seemed to linger 
with a mournful delight among the sons of his adopted country. The 
period of departure at length arrived, and having once more pressed 



122 . General La Fayette's 

the hand of Mr. Adams, he entered the barouche, accompanied by the 
Secretary of State, of the Treasury, and of the Navy. The carriage 
of the General, preceded by his escort, and followed by a large pro- 
cession, moved through the open court in front of the President's man- 
sion, and paid him the parting salute as he stood in front to receive it. 

The whole scene — the peals of artillery, the animating sounds of 
numerous military bands the presence of the vast concourse of people, 
and the occasion that assembled them, altogether produced emotions 
not easily described, but which every American will readily con- 
ceive. 

On reaching the bank of the Potomac, all the carriages in the pro- 
cession wheeled off, and the citizens in them assembled on foot around 
that of the General. The whole military body then passed in review. 
After the review, the General proceeded to the steamboat. Mount Ver- 
non, under a salute of artillery, surrounded by as many citizens, all 
eager to catch the last looks, as could press on the large wharf; and 
at 4 o'clock this great, and good, and extraordinary man, trod for the 
last time the soil of America, followed by the blessings of every pat- 
riotic heart that lives on it. 

As the vessel moved off, and for a short time after, the deepest 
silence was observed by the whole of the vast multitude that lined the 
shore. The feeling that pervaded them was that of children bidding 
a final farewell to a venerated parent. The whole remained gazing 
after the retiring vessel until she had passed Greenleaf's Point ; here 
another salute repeated the valedictory sounds of respect and these 
again were not long after echoed by the heavy guns of Fort Washing- 
ton, and reminded us of the rapidity with which this benefactor and 
friend of our country was borne from it. 

A few minutes afterwards, we passed Alexandria, and the General 
received the same marks of respect from the population of that city. 
But It was when he came in view of Mount Vernon, that he felt most 
deeply affected, and experienced the great sacrifice he made to his 
country in leaving the American soil, that hospitable land, where every 
step he made was accompanied, with heart-felt recollections. The 
progress of the little fleet was arrested ; it remained motionless on the 
broad bosom of Potomac's wave, that the last of the generals might 
pay his homage and filial duty to the tomb of the paternal chief. 
La Fayette arose — the wonders which he had performed, for a man of 
his age, in successfully accomplishing labors enough to have tested his 
meridian vigor, whose animation rather resembles the spring, than the 
winter of life, now seemed unequal to the task he was about to per- 



Visit to Virginia. 123 

form — to take a last look at the grave of Washington. He advanced 
to the effort. A silence the most impressive reigned around, till the 
strains of sweet and plaintive music completed the grandeur and 
sacred solemnity of the scene. All hearts beat in unison with the 
throbbings of the veteran's bosom, as he looked, and that for the last 
time, on the sepulchre which contains the ashes of the first of men. 
He spoke not, but appeared absorbed in the mighty recollections 
which the place and the occasion inspired. Yet a voice seemed borne 
on the air. It appeared to say to the manes of the illustrious dead, 
" Washington ! thou friend and father of my youth, under whose 
heroic banner I first gained renown in the fields of fame, when com- 
bating for the rights and liberties of man — in whose bosom I was 
cherished in the earliest, the happiest, days of my life — whose affection 
descended with me from the palace to the dungeon — whose arms were 
opened to receive my child, when, forlorn and a wanderer from his 
native land, he sought in thee a friend and found a father. Most truly 
great and glorious of men, while such an humble mound alone contains 
thy ashes, thy monument is based on an hemisphere, and thy fame will 
cenotaph thy memory in ages yet unborn. Accept the last duty which 
filial homage pays to the tomb of Washington in the tear of La 
Fayette." The General, as he was about to return to his cabin, 
affectionately embraced him who, too, was an adopted child of the 
chief. 

After this noble scene, the characteristics of which were of the 
purest, the highest order, the fleet resumed its course, and after a 
voyage of safety and expedition, anchored near the Brandy wine, at 
the mouth of the Potomac. The General was received in the Commo- 
dore's barge, and repaired, through very inclement weather, to the 
gallant bark which is to bear him to his other home. He was placed 
on the deck of the ship by an ornamental chair, rigged for the special 
purpose, and under a salute from the main battery, the music of the 
band, and the greetings of the Commodore, his officers, and many 
guests, who were assembled for this interesting event. The General 
came on board, accompanied by Mr. Southard, the Secretary of the 
Navy ; Commodores Bainbridge and Jones ; the Mayors of Washing- 
ton, Georgetown, and Alexandria ; Tench Ringgold, Esq., the Mar- 
shal of the District ; Dr. Kent, the old and faithful representative in 
Congress, nearest the District ; Mr. Adams, son of the President ; 
Generals Smith and W. Jones, and Colonel McKenney, with many 
other citizens. The Constitution, having on board a large number of 
his old friends from Baltimore, came down to give the General the 



124 General La Fayette's 

parting hand. Captain Morris, with the mildness and courtesy which 
distinguish him, received every one with affability, lost sight of not 
the minutest duty or ceremony, had the ship exhibited in every part 
to all who wished to see her, and entertained the very large company 
with an elegant collation. There were sentiments given, of appropriate 
feeling and character, by Commodore Morris, General La Fayette, Dr. 
Joseph Kent, of Maryland, the Secretary of the Navy, Major-General 
Brown, General Charles Lallemand, Mr. Custis, of Arlington, General 
Samuel Smith, of Baltimore, Major Barney, of Baltimore, George 
Grahame, Esq., Colonel Cox, of Georgetown, Colonel Bentalow, of 
Baltimore, and General Jones. 

The most touching incident was the address delivered by General 
Smith, on behalf of the citizens of Baltimore, and General La Fayette's 
reply. They both burst into tears, and every one present was ovei- 
come with the emotions excited by the scene. 

The old General once again paid the tribute of respectful gratitude 
to the ladies of Baltimore, and it is to be remarked that their services 
were adverted to by him on the first public occasion after his landing 
at New York, and now again, at the very moment of leaving our 
shores forever, he renews the expression of his profound gratitude and 
affection for the ladies of Baltimore. 

When the time for parting came, the barges of the ship bore the 
sorrowing guests to their respective vessels, while the thunders of the 
superb Brandywine told the echoes around — the adieu to La Fayette. 
The day had been boisterous and rainy ; but just as the affecting scene 
had closed, the sun burst forth and formed a magnificent rainbow, one 
of whose limbs appeared to rest on the Maryland shore, and the other 
on that of Virginia ; and the noble ship which bore away the nation's 
guest, traversing the centre of that brilliant arch, under full sail, on 
the 8th of September, 1825, entered the Chesapeake bay, and soon 
the shores of America were shut out from his sight forever. Thus the 
same sign that appeared in the heavens on the day on which La Fjtyette 
landed on the American soil, also appeared when he left it, as if nature 
had reserved to herself, the erection of the first and the last of the 
numerous triumphal arches, dedicated to him during his extraordinary 
journey. 

Propitious omen ! Heaven smiles on the good deeds of men ; and 
sure, if ever there was a sublime and virtuous action to be blessed by 
heaven and admired by men, it is when a free and grateful people 
unite to do honor to their friend and benefactor. 



Visit to Virginia. 125 



CONCLUSION. 

Fellow-Americans of this generation, in this Centennial year, pon- 
der well the lessons taught by the life of this great, good, heroic man, 
for whom your ancestors have exhibited such high admiration and en- 
thusiastic love. Let the thoughts which a considerate perusal of this 
narrative will suggest, result in a course of conduct upon the part of all 
of us that will bring back concord to a divided people. And let us 
all strive to make the grand Centennial Celebration at Yorktown, a glo- 
rious consummation of a true Union, under our National Constitution. 



APPENDIX. 



THE DEA.TH (W GENERAL LA FAYETTE— FUNERAL HONORS AND 
TRIBUTES OF RESPECT TO HIS MEMORY. 

Galignani's Messenger of the 20th of May, 1834, says : 

" With unfeigned regret we announce this melancholy event, which 
took place at a quarter to five o'clock this morning. The venerable 
General was born on the ist of September, 1757, and consequently 
wanted little more than three months to complete the age of seventy- 
seven. The wondrous scenes, in both the New World and the Old, 
in which the name of La Fayette was prominently distinguished, are 
among the most remarkable in the annals of mankind ; and we may 
safely aver that history does not, in all her records, possess a name 
which has passed through the searching ordeal of public opinion, even 
in the darkest and most tempestuous times, more pure and unsullied 
than his whose death his country is to-day called upon to deplore." 

The death of La Fayette is a loss to the world. America loses in 
him an early, strenuous, and disinterested champion of her indepen- 
dence, and Europe loses her most zealous and consistent advocate of 
the rights of man. Throughout a career eventful beyond that of any 
m'an alive, this illustrious person kept constantly in view, as the great 
object of all his exertions, the diffusion of republican principles, the 
melioration of government, and the elevation of the condition of his 
fellow-men. The sentiment of sorrow for his loss will be more univer- 
sal than the death of any other man in the whole world would occa- 
sion ; for he had made his name dear to every heart by the many 
exalted virtues of his character, by his philanthropy, his zeal in sup- 
port of popular institutions, his courage in the battles of liberty, his 
whole career, public and private, through the long period of nearly 
four-score years. Pure, consistent, firm, benevolent, animated with 
ardor that no difficulties could cool, and governed by integrity that 
no allurements could corrupt, he commanded the respect of even those 
he opposed, and, dying, will receive the tribute of their grief. 

As soon as the intelligence of his death was received in the United 
States, on the 21st day of June, 1834, General Andrew Jackson, the 
President of the United States, sent to Congress the following mes- 
sage : 



Appendix. 127 



To the Senate and House of Representatives : 

The afflicting intelligence of the death of the illustrious La Fayette 
has been received by me this morning. I have issued the general 
order enclosed, to cause appropriate honors to be paid by the army 
and navy to the memory of one so highly venerated and loved by my 
countrymen ; and whom Providence has been pleased to remove so 
unexpectedly from the agitating scenes of life. 

Andrew Jackson. 

The enclosed order was in these words : 

Order No. 46. 

Headquarters of the Army, 
Adjutant-General's Office, 

Washington, June 21, 18J4. 
The Major-General commanding the army has received, through 
the War Department, the following " General Order " from the Presi- 
dent of the United States : 

general order. 

Washington, June 2 r, 1834. 

Information having been received of th^ death of General La Fay- 
ette, the President considers it due to his own feelings, as well as to 
the character and services of that distinguished man, to announce the 
event to the army and navy. 

La Fayette was a citizen of France, but he was the distinguished 
friend of the United States. \\\ early life he embarked in that con- 
test which secured freedom and independence to our country. His 
services and sacrifices constituted a part of our Revolutionary history, 
and his memory will be second only to that of Washington in the 
hearts of the American people. In his own country, and in ours, he 
was the zealous and uniform friend and advocate of national liberty. 
Consistent in his principles and conduct, he never, during a long life, 
committed an act which exposed him to just accusation, or which will 
expose his memory to reproach. Living at a period of great excite- 
ment, and of moral and political revolutions, engaged in many of the 
important events which fixed the attention of the world, and invited to 
guide the destinies of France at two of the most momentous eras of 
her history, his political integrity and personal disinterestedness have 
not been called in question. Happy in such a life, he has been happy 



128 Appendix. 

in his death. He has been taken from the theatre of action with 
faculties unimpaired, with a reputation unquestioned, and an object of 
veneration wherever civilization and the rights of man have extended ; 
and mourning, as we may and must, his departure, let us rejoice that 
this associate of Washington has gone, as we humbly hope, to rejoin 
his illustrious commander, in the fulness of days and of honor. He 
came in his youth to defend our country ; he came in the maturity of 
his age to witness her growth in all the elements of prosperity. .And 
while witnessing these, he received those testimonials of gratitude 
which proved how strong was his hold upon the affections of the Ameri- 
can people. One melancholy duty remains to be performed. The last 
major-general of the Revolutionary army has died. Himself a young 
and humble participator in the struggles of that period, the President 
feels called on, as well by personal as public considerations, to direct 
that appropriate honors be paid to the memory of this distinguished 
patriot and soldier. He, therefore, orders that the same honors be 
rendered upon this occasion, at the different military and naval sta- 
tions, as were observed upon the decease of Washington, the Father 
of his Country, and his contemporary in arms. 

In ordering this homage to be paid to the memory of one so emi- 
nent in the field, so wise in council, so endeared in private life, 
and so well and favorably known in both hemispheres, the President 
feels assured that he is anticipating the sentiments not of the army 
and navy only, but of the whole American people. 

Andrew Jackson. 

In obedience to the commands of the President, the following fune- 
ral honors will be observed at the several stations of the army : 

At daybreak twenty-four guns will be fired in quick succession, and 
one gun at the interval of every half-hour thereafter till sunset. 

The flags of the several stations will, during the day, be at half- 
mast. 

The officers of the army will wear crape on the left arm for the period 
of six months. 

This order will be carried into effect under the direction of the 
commanding officer of each post and station the day after its recep- 
tion. 

By command of Major-General Macomb, commanding in chief. 

R. Jones, 
Adjutant- General. 



Appendix. 129 

CIRCULAR. 

To the Commander of each Naval Station : 

Navy Department, June 21, 1834, 

In conformity with the general order from the President of the 
United States, in honor of the memory of General La Fayette, you 
will, on the day following the receipt of this, cause twenty-four guns 
to be fired, in quick succession, at daybreak, and one gun every half- 
hour thereafter until sunset, and the flags of the several stations will 
be during the day at half-mast. 

All officers of the Navy and Marine corps will wear crape on the 
left arm for six months. 

Levi Woodbury. 

Soon after the reception of the President's message, Congress 
passed a joint resolution, that a committee be appointed to consider 
and report " by what token of respect and affection it may be proper 
for the Congress of the United States to express the deep sensibility 
of the nation on the event of the decease of General La Fayette." 

The following gentlemen were appointed on this committee : 

On the part of the Senate — Mr. Webster, Mr. White, Mr. Calhoun, 
Mr. Clay, Mr. Forsyth, Mr. Wilkins, Mr. Tyler, Mr. Poindexter, Mr. 
Benton, Mr. King of Alabama, Mr. Chambers, Mr. Brown, and Mr. 
Shepley. 

On the part of the House of Representatives — Messrs. John Quincy 
Adams, chairman ; Rufus Mclntire, Maine ; Henry Hubbard, New 
Hampshire ; Tristam Burgess, Rhode Island ; Noyes Barbee, Connec- 
ticut ; Heman Allen, Vermont ; C. C. Cambreling, New York ; James 
Parker, New Jersey ; Henry A. Muhlenburg, Pennsylvania ; John J. 
Milligan, Delaware ; Isaac McKim, Maryland ; William S. Archer, 
Virginia ; Lewis Williams, North Carolina ; Henry L. Pinckney, 
South Carolina ; James M. Payne, Georgia ; Richard M. Johnson, 
Kentucky ; John Blair, Tennessee ; Elisha Whittlesey, Ohio ; Phile- 
mon Thomas, Louisiana ; John Carr, Indiana ; Harry Caze, Missis- 
sippi ; Joseph Duncan, Illinois ; John Murphy, Alabama ; William 
H. Ashley, Mississippi. 

On the 24th of June, Mr. Adams presented the following report of 

the committee : 
17 



130 APPENDIX. 

1. Resolved, That the two Houses have received, with the profoundest sensibility, 
intelligence of the death of General La Fayette, the friend of the United States, 
the friend of Washington, and the friend of liberty. 

2. Resolved, That the sacrifices and efforts of this illustrious person, in the cause 
of our country, during her struggle for independence, and the affectionate interest 
which he has at all times manifested for the success of her political institutions, 
claim from the Government and people of the United States an expression of con- 
dolence for his loss, veneration for his virtues, and gratitude for his services. 

3. Resolved, That the President of the United States be requested to address, 
together with a copy of the above resolutions, a letter to George Washington La 
Fayette, and the other members of his family, assuring them of the condolence of 
this whole nation in their irreparable bereavement. 

4. Resolved, That the members of the two Houses of Congress will wear a batlge 
of mourning for thirty days, and that it be recommended to the people of the 
United States to wear a similar badge for the same period. 

5. Resolved, That the halls of the Houses be dressed in mourning for the residue 
of the session. « 

6. Resolved, That John Quincy Adams be requested to deliver an oration on the 
life and character of General La Fayette before the two Houses of Congress at 
the next session. 

These resolutions were unanimously adopted. 

FUNERAL HONORS IN RICHMOND. 

The volunteers of the city held a meeting at the Eagle Hotel, on 
Tuesday evening, the 24th of June, 1834, at which Captain John 
B. Richardson was called to the chair, and Mr. J. A. Sherman and 
Mr. Enoch S. Courtney were appointed secretaries. The meeting 
passed the following resolutions : 

Resohed, That Monday next be set apart as the day on which the volunteers of 
Richmond will pay a soldier's last tribute of respect to the memory of the 
lamented La Fayette. 

Resolved, That Lieutenant Werth, Lieutenant Smith, Sergeant Kent, and John 
Cosby, of the Richmond Light Dragoons ; Lieutenant Dixon, Lieutenant Tomp- 
kins, Sergeant Cooke, and William F. Watson, of the Light Infantry Blues; 
Lieutenant Hyde, Lieutenant HoUins, Sergeant Hazlewood, and Samuel Cary, of 
Richmond P\ayette Artillery; and Lieutenant Burton, Lieutenant Tinsley, Ser- 
geant Sherman, and Nathaniel August, of the W. R. Corps, be appointed a com- 
mittee to cooperate with the committees of citizens and others in making the 
necessary arrangements for the finieral honors and procession. 

On the 26th of June, the citizens held a meeting in the City 
Hall, of which Joseph Tate was chairman, and Thomas B. Bigger 
secretary. They resolved that the meeting highly approved of 
the prompt action of the volunteers, and that they would unite with 



Appendix. 131 

them in the solemnities to be observed on Monday next, and appointed 
John Brockenbrough, James Rawlings, John A. Lancaster, Samuel 
Sublett, William D. Wren, and Martin Drewry, to cooperate with the 
volunteers and Masonic committees in effecting the objects of the 
meeting. 

In pursuance of these resolutions, the different committees executed 
the duties imposed on them with great industry, and on Monday, the 
30th of 'yune, i8j4, the procession took place in the following order: 

Detachment of Dragoons. 

Hearse, with Six Pall-Bearers. 

Clergy. 

French Consul and Citizens, with Tri-Colored Flag. 

Revolutionary Officers and Soldiers. 

Judges and Officers of Federal and State Courts. 

Mayor and other City Authorities. 

Chesterfield Dragoons. 

Richmond Dragoons. 

Richmond Fayette Artillery. 

Public Guard. 

Richmond Light Infantry Blues. 

Washington Rifle Corps. 

The Masonic Fraternity. 

Citizens on Foot. 

Citizens in Carriages. 

Citzens on Horseback. 

The following gentlemen acted as marshals : Chief Marshal, Gene- 
ral Lambert ; assistants, Colonel Carrington, Colonel Munford, Mr. 
Walter D. Blair, Mr. James W. Dibrell, Mr. Thomas G. Moncure, and 
Mr. Samuel Sublett. 

The morning was ushered in by the discharge of twenty-four minute- 
guns, and the procession was formed on E street (or Main), the right 
of the military resting on and fronting the northeast corner of the 
Union Hotel, and marched up E to Fifth street, along Fifth to H 
(Broad), and down H street to the First Baptist church, the bells of 
the city tolling during the time. The house was soon filled to over- 
flowing by ladies and gentlemen and the Masonic fraternity. The 
services were opened by an impressive prayer from the Rt. Reverend 
Bishop Moore, followed by the Rev. Stephen Taylor, of the Presbyte- 
rian ohurch, who delivered, without study or preparation, some perti- 
nent remarks. The Rev. Mr. Hinton, pastor of the church, also ad- 
dressed the Throne of Grace. These solemn and respectful ceremonies 
were closed by the Masonic brethren, and everything done was calcu- 



132 Appendix. 

lated to show that the veneration of the people for the departed patriot 
was deep and sincere. The day was closed by the firing of twenty- 
four minute-guns by the Fayette Artillery. 

Similar evidences of the grief of the people and honors to the mem- 
ory of General La Fayette were displayed everywhere throughout the 
nation. 

No man has died in this century, who has been more universally 
lamented, honored, and loved, by all the people of the United States. 



insriD'Ex: 



PAGE. 

Introduction 3 

La Fayette's services for American independence 7 

General La Fayette and President Monroe 9 

Departure for Washington and reception in Alexandria 10 

Visit to Mount Vernon 12 

Sketch of reception at York ; classic scenes in Virginia history 15 

Description of scenes at York , 16 

Preliminary meetings in Richmond; the Governor's invitation 17 

Arrangements for order of celebration 19 

Landing of La Fayette 21 

Mr. Leigh's address 22 

General La Fayette's reply 23 

Governor Pleasants's address 24 

General La Fayette's reply to the Governor 25 

Introductions 25 

La Fayette's personal appearance 26 

Nineteenth of October — anniversary of the surrender at York 27 

Colonel William J. Lewis's speech — 27 

General Taylor's address 28 

General La Fayette's reply 30 

Grand review 31 

Public dinner in the marquee 32 

Toasts 32 

Volunteer toasts 33 

Breakfast in the tent of Washington 35 

Departure of the Volunteers 36 

End of the celebration at York 36 

Description of the arches, obelisks, &c 37 

The officers in command at York 39 

The troops who were present 39 

La Fayette's quarter-guard 39 

General officers of the Revolution in 1781 40 

Reflections on the celebration at York 41 

La Fayette in the tent of Washington 42 

General La Fayette's movements — Reception at Williamsburg 42 



134 Index. 

PAGE 

The General's address » .... 42 

Keception at Norfolk 43 

Mayor Holt's address 45 

Procession of little girls 45 

Illumination of the town 45 

Civic banquet 46 

Clirist Church > 46 

Toasts drunk at the banquet. 47 

Volunteer toasts ~ 47 

Reception in Richmond 49 

Order of the day 49 

Order of procession 50 

La Fayette in Richmond 51 

Introduction to Revolutionary officers 52 

Dinner at the Eagle 53 

Toasts by various persons 53 

Order of the day for Wednesday, October 27th „ 56 

Mayor of Richmond's address 58 

La Fayette's reply — 58 

Chief-Justice Marshall's address 59 

The General's reply 61 

Introduction to ladies at the marquee 61 

Scene on the Square ; visit to the Theatre 62 

Order of the day for Thursday, October 28th 62 

Reception of Mr. and Mrs Turner's school 63 

Reception of male and female Sabbath-schools 63 

Visit to the race-field at Tree Hill 63 

Jockey-Club dinner.. 64 

Sabbath-schools honor La Fayette 65 

James Dove's speech 65 

Susan Norris recites verses in his honor 66 

Madison Street's speech 67 

The General's reply 67 

List of Revolutionary officers present at Richmond and at York 67 

Masonic dinner and toasts 67 

Description of the arches, obelisks, &c., on the Capitol Square 70 

La Fayette in Petersburg 78 

Lewis Mabry's address 79 

General La Fayette's reply 80 

Banquet at Mr. Niblo's 80 

Toasts 81 

Ball at the Theatre 83 

Assemblage of children on Poplar Lawn 85 

Mr. Disosway's address 85 

Ellen Pearce recites poetry 86 

Collation at Niblo's 86 

Departure from Petersburg 87 



Index. 135 

PAGE. 

Departure from Richmond , 88 

On his way to Monticello 88 

Honors in Goochland and Fhivanna 89 

Reception in Albemarle. ./rTl 90 

William C. Rives addresses him 90 

Arrival at Monticello 91 

Pathetic meeting between Jefferson and La Fayette 91 

Reception at Charlottesville and University 91 

William F. Gordon's address and the General's reply 92 

Dinner in the rotunda.... "rrTT , ; 92 

Mr. Jefferson's speech 93 

Mr. Madison's response to a toast 94 

Reception at Gordonsville 9,5 

Arrival at Montpelier 95 

Reception at Orange Courthouse 96 

Mr. Madison's speech 96 

Reception in Fredericksburg 98 

Town illuminated 99 

Visit to Fredericksburg Lodge, No. 4 100 

The Worshipful Master's address 100 

The General's reply 100 

Dinner at Mr. Gray's Tavern 101 

Passage through Stafford 102 

"Farewell, My Little Guards" 102 

Committee of arrangements 102 

Visit to James Monroe at Oakhill , 103 

Incident with the toll-gate keeper 103 

Reception at Leesburg 104 

Public dinner .....VtT , 106 

Mr. Adams's remarks 106 

Mr. Monroe's speech 107 

Toasts '. 108 

Mr. Adams's remarks and toast 108 

A scene full of simplicity and pathos 109 

Return to Virginia and farewell visit to Jefferson 110 

Dinner at the LTniversity 110 

Reception at Culpeper and Jeffersonton Ill 

Reception at Warrenton 113 

Inman Horner's address 113 

Dinner at Mrs. NoitIs's Tavern 114 

Mr. Monroe's reply to a toast II4 

Chief-Justice Marshall's address 115 

Mr. Cowles's Little Guards 117 

New Baltimore and Buckland 117 

Dinner to La Fayette by the Congress of the United States 117 

Departure of La Fayette from America 119 

President Adams's farewell address 120 



136 Index. i3^^^;^^ , 

?^ ^ PAGE. « 

The General's farewell reply ; 121 * 

Sorrowful and solemn parting « 121 

Rainbow seen as La Fayette leaves America „ 124 ' 

Conclusion.. 125 

Appendix. — Death of La Fayette 126 i 

President .Jackson announces his death to Congress ' 127 

General orders ~ 127 

Resolutions of Congress 129 

Funeral obsequies in Richmond 130 



Erkatum.— For the word "August," in the second line, under the heading "Preliminary 
Meetings in Richmond," on the 17th page, read "July." 



